{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:01:59Z","timestamp":1789416119957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P1-0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P3-0323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["P1-0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0189"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059bp8k51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P3-0323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0323"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059bp8k51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Haemoadsorption has recently emerged as an extracorporeal treatment option for sepsis, septic shock, intoxications, and cardiac surgery to modulate dysregulated inflammatory responses or remove a wide range of circulating molecules. To ensure appropriate clinical use of the CytoSorb\u00ae haemoadsorber, it is essential to understand the extent to which specific drugs are adsorbed by the device. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE database to identify studies on drug binding to the CytoSorb\u00ae haemoadsorber, including both in vivo and in vitro studies. Publications in English language, available up to 31 December 2025 that reported or enabled calculation of percentage of drug removal, CytoSorb\u00ae clearance or half-life during CytoSorb\u00ae therapy were included. Records were screened, eligibility and quality were assessed, and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Results: We found that 26 studies reported on the binding of 56 drugs to CytoSorb\u00ae, with most available information relating to antibiotics used in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. CytoSorb\u00ae appears to remove vancomycin and linezolid but not meropenem, although data for other antibiotics are insufficient to assess clinical relevance. Data on the removal of anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs with CytoSorb\u00ae before and during cardiac surgery indicate that using this procedure to reduce complications associated with apixaban and ticagrelor is feasible and safe. The available evidence on the use of CytoSorb\u00ae for drug poisoning is of very low quality. Conclusions: Although the number of studies on drug binding to the CytoSorb\u00ae is increasing, the review is limited by the marked heterogeneity among the included studies. It is advised to use therapeutic drug monitoring whenever possible during CytoSorb\u00ae treatment. Research of binding of drugs to CytoSorb\u00ae is crucial for its safe and effective clinical use, but adequate methodology is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15040409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:30:36Z","timestamp":1776443436000},"page":"409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antibiotics and Other Drugs Removal by the CytoSorb\u00ae Haemoadsorber: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Kenda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"General Hospital Dr. Franc Derganc Nova Gorica, Padlih Borcev 13a, 5290 Sempeter Pri Gorici, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5394-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Guben\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3322-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toma\u017e","family":"Vovk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steindl, D., Schroeder, T., Krannich, A., and Nee, J. 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