{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:08:54Z","timestamp":1777511334378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogens with significant implications for food safety and public health. Food-producing animals and their derived products represent a key interface for zoonotic transmission, yet prevalence data across Nigeria remain fragmented and unsynthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence, species distribution, geographical patterns, and detection methods of ESBL-producing E. coli in food-producing animals and animal-derived food products across Nigeria. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African journals online was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and January 2026, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Twenty eligible studies collectively analyzed 5104 samples, and 984 ESBL-positive isolates were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The overall pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 17.0% (95% CI: 13.0\u201321.0%; I2 = 89.4%). Subgroup analysis by animal species revealed the highest pooled prevalence among caprine (32.0%, 95% CI: 17.0\u201352.0%), bovine (24.0%, 95% CI: 17.0\u201333.0%), porcine (17.0%, 95% CI: 7.0\u201336.0%) and avian species (13.0%, 95% CI: 9.0\u201319.0%). Animal-derived food products showed a pooled prevalence of 19.0% (95% CI: 17.0\u201321.0%). Regional analysis showed the highest pooled prevalence in South-West (19.0%, 95% CI: 13.0\u201327.0%) and South-South (19.0%, 95% CI: 9.0\u201334.0%). Studies using combined culture and molecular methods reported higher pooled prevalence (19.0%, 95% CI: 14.0\u201325.0%) than culture alone (12.0%, 95% CI: 8.0\u201318.0%). However, the difference between subgroups was not statistically significant (test for subgroup differences: p = 0.0563). Conclusions: These findings confirm extensive ESBL-producing E. coli circulation in Nigerian food-producing animals and highlight critical gaps in antimicrobial stewardship, veterinary surveillance, and food safety infrastructure, underscoring the urgent need for coordinated One Health strategies to contain the spread of resistant strains through the food chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15050432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals and Animal Products in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7789-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Yakubu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, St. George\u2019s University, True Blue, St. George\u2019s P.O. Box 1851, Grenada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6428-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Sani","family":"Gaddafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Ministry of Animal Health, Husbandry and Fisheries, Birnin-Kebbi 860101, Kebbi State, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840103, Sokoto State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ummukulthum Lawal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Sokoto 840103, Sokoto State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Felicioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, St. George\u2019s University, True Blue, St. George\u2019s P.O. Box 1851, Grenada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin Olutimilehin","family":"Jolayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Surg. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theodoridou Oxinou, D., Lamnisos, D., Filippou, C., Spernovasilis, N., and Tsioutis, C. (2025). 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