{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:10:58Z","timestamp":1777511458282,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria represent a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. In Ghana\u2019s Tamale Metropolis, limited data exist on the prevalence and trends of MDR bacteria, posing challenges to effective antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: This study analyzed microbiological data from 2020 to 2023 to address these knowledge gaps. Results: Among the 4859 clinical samples analyzed, 1570 (33.7%) yielded Gram-negative bacterial isolates, with an MDR prevalence of 40.6%. The most frequently isolated organisms were Klebsiella spp. (28.9%) and Escherichia coli (20.4%). Resistance to cephalosporins (51%) and ciprofloxacin (46%) was particularly pronounced, highlighting the diminishing efficacy of commonly used antibiotics. Older adults (aged 60 years and above) presented the highest MDR prevalence, reflecting the vulnerability of this demographic group. Conclusion:These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs, improved infection prevention and control measures, and continuous resistance monitoring to combat the growing threat of MDR bacteria in the region. Strengthening laboratory capacity and adherence to strict antibiotic usage policies are crucial for reducing the burden of MDR infections and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15050434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana (2020\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentine Cheba","family":"Koyiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Zonal Public Health Reference Laboratory, Tamale P.O. Box 99, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Sook","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, General Complex B\/D Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1388-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moonsoo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abass","family":"Abdul Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zonal Public Health Reference Laboratory, Tamale P.O. Box 99, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch Weikem","family":"Weyori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zonal Public Health Reference Laboratory, Tamale P.O. Box 99, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Nkrumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Field Epidemiology Network, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Yaw","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Ghana Fiapre, Sunyani P.O. Box 363, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Sup","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, March 11). Meningitis Outbreak Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: WHO Guideline. 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