{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:17:57Z","timestamp":1792793877868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major global health threat, largely driven by antibiotic overuse and the protective role of bacterial biofilms. Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial communication system regulating virulence and biofilm formation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Quorum quenching (QQ), which disrupts QS without directly inhibiting bacterial growth, is considered a potential anti-virulence strategy that may reduce selective pressure for resistance. This review critically evaluates recent advances in QQ research, focusing on its clinical applicability, limitations, and risks. We analyzed studies from the last five years involving natural compounds, synthetic molecules, nanoparticles (NPs), and combination therapies targeting key pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in models of lung diseases, mainly cystic fibrosis, chronic wounds, burns, and implant-associated infections. While numerous compounds demonstrate significant in vitro anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activity, major challenges remain, including limited in vivo validation, pharmacokinetic constraints, toxicity concerns, microbiome disruption, and the potential development of tolerance or functional resistance. Although QQ offers a promising adjunctive approach to conventional antibiotics, its long-term clinical feasibility requires comprehensive evaluation of evolutionary dynamics, host\u2013microbe interactions, and safety profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15050447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1777465916000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Therapeutic Potential, Limitations and Clinical Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3412-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Billennium Sp\u00f3\u0142ka Akcyjna, Tadeusza Czackiego 15\/17, 00-043 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8265-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matylda","family":"Korgiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1297-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Paw\u0142uszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3154-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Widelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Lublin Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bachar","family":"Cheaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Paluch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Tytusa Chalubinskiego 4, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2026.e44524","article-title":"Marine-Derived Prospective Antibiotic Armamentarium: From Anti-Quorum Sensing to Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Biofouling Biometabolites","volume":"12","author":"Afroze","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancuso, G., Midiri, A., Gerace, E., and Biondo, C. (2021). Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025). Global Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Report 2025 WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS), World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: A Prioritisation Study to Guide Research, Development, and Public Health Strategies Against Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10349-w","article-title":"Prevention of Biofilm Formation by Quorum Quenching","volume":"104","author":"Paluch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-021-00624-x","article-title":"Microbial Biofilm: Formation, Architecture, Antibiotic Resistance, and Control Strategies","volume":"52","author":"Rather","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paw\u0142uszkiewicz, K., Bus\u0142owicz, T., Korgiel, M., Faltus, A., Kucharczyk, E., Por\u0119bska, B., Pochcia\u0142, P., Kucharczyk, N., and Paluch, E. (2025). Bacteriophage-Based Approach Against Biofilm Infections Associated with Medical Devices: A Narrative Review of ESKAPE Pathogens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178699"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046","DOI":"10.53771\/ijlsra.2026.10.1.0015","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in the Post-Antibiotic Era: Novel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Alternatives","volume":"10","author":"Monago","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Sci. Res. Arch."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, I., Waters, V., and Grasemann, H. (2021). Approaches to Targeting Bacterial Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Airways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042155"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20323-3","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Persister Cell Formation upon Antibiotic Exposure in Planktonic and Biofilm State","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02269-25","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02269-25","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Defects, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Human and Animal Hosts in Central China","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2023.11.807","article-title":"Biofilm Tolerance, Resistance and Infections Increasing Threat of Public Health","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinpelu, S., Ajayi, A., Smith, S.I., and Adeleye, A.I. (2020). Efflux Pump Activity, Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Clinical Samples at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. BMC Res. Notes, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05105-2"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abisado, R.G., Benomar, S., Klaus, J.R., Dandekar, A.A., and Chandler, J.R. (2018). Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Microbial Community Interactions. mBio, 9.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01749-18"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04610-x","article-title":"Quorum Sensing in Bacteria: Insights into Communication and Inhibition Strategies\u2014A Review","volume":"208","author":"Das","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001","article-title":"Quorum Sensing: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria","volume":"21","author":"Waters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., and Luo, Y. (2021). Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Systems and Their Role in Intestinal Bacteria-Host Crosstalk. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.611413"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00008-0","article-title":"Aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Systems and Virulence","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03423.x","article-title":"Interactions of the Quorum Sensing Regulator QscR: Interaction with Itself and the Other Regulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR and RhlR","volume":"48","author":"Ledgham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S263196","article-title":"Quorum Quenching: A Potential Target for Antipseudomonal Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Hemmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339696","article-title":"Analytical Methods for the Characterization and Diagnosis of Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Critical Review","volume":"1204","author":"Capatina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08491-1_4","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing","volume":"Volume 1386","author":"Miranda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107323","article-title":"Strategies for Quorum Sensing Inhibition as a Tool for Controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections","volume":"64","author":"Vilaplana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, S.J., Kuzel, T.M., and Shafikhani, S.H. (2023). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Animal Modeling, and Therapeutics. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010199"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.0c00901","article-title":"Pseudomonas Virulence Factor Pathway Synthesizes Autoinducers That Regulate the Secretome of a Pathogen","volume":"16","author":"Kretsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.09.009","article-title":"The Transcriptional Regulators of Virulence for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Therapeutic Opportunity and Preventive Potential of Its Clinical Infections","volume":"10","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02122-1","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa\u2019s Greenish-Blue Pigment Pyocyanin: Its Production and Biological Activities","volume":"22","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2015.01.004","article-title":"Composition, Function, and Regulation of T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuon, F.F., Dantas, L.R., Suss, P.H., and Tasca Ribeiro, V.S. (2022). Pathogenesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm: A Review. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030300"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12673","article-title":"Antibiotic Treatment of Biofilm Infections","volume":"125","author":"Ciofu","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"69","article-title":"Quorum Quenching Nanoparticles Against Wound Pathogens\u2014A Scoping Review","volume":"80","author":"Anandan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. J. Malays."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688","article-title":"Pathogenicity and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120116-023507","article-title":"Genetic and Structural Analyses of RRNPP Intercellular Peptide Signaling of Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"51","author":"Neiditch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.4251782.x","article-title":"Quorum Sensing by Peptide Pheromones and Two-Component Signal-Transduction Systems in Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"24","author":"Kleerebezem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34736","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205367200","article-title":"Transmembrane Topology of AgrB, the Protein Involved in the Post-Translational Modification of AgrD in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"277","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01497-24","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01497-24","article-title":"Adaptation for Staphylococcus aureus to Hosts via Insertion Mutation in the Accessory Gene Regulator AgrC Gene: Decreased Virulence and Enhanced Persistence Capacity","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0616-y","article-title":"Pathogen Elimination by Probiotic Bacillus via Signalling Interference","volume":"562","author":"Piewngam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.02.029","article-title":"Activation and Inhibition of the Receptor Histidine Kinase AgrC Occurs Through Opposite Helical Transduction Motions","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6020","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05436-11","article-title":"Coordinated Regulation by AgrA, SarA, and SarR to Control Agr Expression in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"193","author":"Reyes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01286-7","article-title":"Chemotaxis and Autoinducer-2 Signalling Mediate Colonization and Contribute to Co-Existence of Escherichia Coli Strains in the Murine Gut","volume":"8","author":"Laganenka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1146","article-title":"Making \u201csense\u201d of Metabolism: Autoinducer-2, LuxS and Pathogenic Bacteria","volume":"3","author":"Vendeville","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00905-2","article-title":"Drug Delivery Strategies for Antibiofilm Therapy","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1916","article-title":"Establishing Bacterial Communities by \u201cWord of Mouth\u201d: LuxS and Autoinducer 2 in Biofilm Development","volume":"6","author":"Hardie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Q., Tang, X., Dong, W., Sun, N., and Yuan, W. (2022). A Review of Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Regulation Mechanism. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010012"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.21931\/RB\/2024.09.01.62","article-title":"The Role of Quorum Quenching in Medical Application","volume":"9","author":"Mohammad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bionatura J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumaravel, A., and Sathyamoorthi, S. (2026). Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: A Brief Review. Harnessing Quorum Quenching for Disease Management, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-34178-6.00014-2"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127173","article-title":"Quorum Quenching: A Drug Discovery Approach Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"264","author":"Rather","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121267","article-title":"\u03b1-Terpineol Synergizes with Gentamicin to Rescue Caenorhabditis Elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Attenuating Quorum Sensing-Regulated Virulence","volume":"313","author":"Chadha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9250075","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250075","article-title":"Sesamol: A Novel Quorum Sensing Inhibitor and Colistin Accelerator Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"14","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambino, E., Maione, A., Guida, M., Albarano, L., Carraturo, F., Galdiero, E., and Di Onofrio, V. (2022). Evaluation of the Pathogenic-Mixed Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa\/Staphylococcus aureus and Treatment with Limonene on Three Different Materials by a Dynamic Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063741"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Ji, P.C., Qi, Y.H., Chen, S.J., Wang, C.Y., Yang, Y.J., Zhao, X.Y., and Zhou, J.W. (2023). Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms by Thymoquinone in Combination with Nisin. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1029412"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03882-z","article-title":"Drugs with New Lease of Life as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: For Combating MDR Acinetobacter baumannii Infections","volume":"39","author":"Seleem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qais, F.A., Khan, M.S., and Ahmad, I. (2018). Nanoparticles as Quorum Sensing Inhibitor: Prospects and Limitations. Biotechnological Applications of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-9026-4_11"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.06.055","article-title":"Antibiotic-Free Nanotherapeutics: Ultra-Small, Mucus-Penetrating Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance the Pulmonary Delivery and Anti-Virulence Efficacy of Novel Quorum Sensing Inhibitors","volume":"192","author":"Nafee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.457","article-title":"Engineered Biological Nanofactories Trigger Quorum Sensing Response in Targeted Bacteria","volume":"5","author":"Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.02.003","article-title":"The Social Life of Microbes in Chronic Infection","volume":"53","author":"Ibberson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W.R., Zeng, T.H., Zhang, Z.Q., Shi, Q.S., and Xie, X.B. (2023). Geraniol Attenuates Virulence Factors by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1190619"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04280-1","article-title":"Piperine Exhibits Potential Antibiofilm Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Accumulating Reactive Oxygen Species, Affecting Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Quorum Sensing","volume":"195","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, W., Ansari, M.A., Yusuf, M., Amir, M., Wahab, S., Alam, P., Alomary, M.N., Alhuwayri, A.A., Khan, M., and Ali, A. (2022). Antibacterial, Anticandidal, and Antibiofilm Potential of Fenchone: In Vitro, Molecular Docking and In Silico\/ADMET Study. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11182395"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u2019thebe, N.W., Aribisala, J.O., and Sabiu, S. (2023). Cheminformatics Bioprospection of Sunflower Seeds\u2019 Oils Against Quorum Sensing System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030504"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakeer, W., Gaafar, M., El-Gendy, A.O., El Badry, M.A., Khalil, M.G., Mansour, A.T., Alharbi, N.K., Selim, H.M.R.M., and Bendary, M.M. (2024). Proven Anti-Virulence Therapies in Combating Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1403219"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-022-03457-4","article-title":"The Protection Effect of Rhodionin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Pneumonia Through Sortase A Inhibition","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00950-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00950-22","article-title":"Hibifolin, a Natural Sortase A Inhibitor, Attenuates the Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus and Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Cefotaxime","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01804-24","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01804-24","article-title":"Novel Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A by Plantamajoside: Implications for Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Infections","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Mao, S., Wang, H., and Ye, X. (2022). The Molecular Architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080488"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00542","article-title":"Sulfonyl Homoserine Lactones Are Tunable Probes to Inhibit the Quorum Sensing Receptor RhlR and Reduce Swarming Motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"11","author":"Cannell","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-022-01089-1","article-title":"Autoinducer-Fluorophore Conjugates Enable FRET in LuxR Proteins in Vitro and in Cells","volume":"18","author":"Styles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00049","article-title":"Inhibitor Mimetic Mutations in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PqsE Enzyme Reveal a Protein-Protein Interaction with the Quorum-Sensing Receptor RhlR That Is Vital for Virulence Factor Production","volume":"16","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22427","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c00523","article-title":"Insights into the Mechanisms of Small Molecule-Induced Agonism and Antagonism of a Quorum Sensing Receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"147","author":"Styles","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, J., Li, J., Wen, J., Liu, J., Xiao, H., Zhang, A., Yang, D., Sun, P., Zhou, H., and Xu, J. (2024). A Systematic Hierarchical Virtual Screening Model for RhlR Inhibitors Based on PCA, Pharmacophore, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25148000"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural Products in Drug Discovery: Advances and Opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28797","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA03616E","article-title":"Benzo[d]Thiazole-2-Thiol Bearing 2-Oxo-2-Substituted-Phenylethan-1-Yl as Potent SelectivelasBquorum Sensing Inhibitors of Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Thanh","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.21931\/RB\/2023.08.02.78","article-title":"Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Action of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles beside Persister Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bionatura"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15823","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01328","article-title":"3-Hydroxypyridin-4(1H)-One Derivatives as Pqs Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Attenuate Virulence and Reduce Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"66","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18911","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01253","article-title":"Cyclic Diguanylate G-Quadruplex Inducer-Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Hybrids as Bifunctional Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Virulence Agents Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116880","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Some Novel Benzo[d]Thiazoles with Anti-Virulence Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"279","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Li, T., Gu, Y., Zhang, Q., Wang, E., Li, W., Wang, X., Li, Y., and Li, H. (2022). Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Analogs of Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front. Chem., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.948687"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004369","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004369","article-title":"A New PqsR Inverse Agonist Potentiates Tobramycin Efficacy to Eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms","volume":"8","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s43994-023-00080-3","article-title":"In Silico Identification of New Potential Inhibitors of Quorum Sensing by Gram-Positive Bacteria Through Specialized Molecular Docking","volume":"10","author":"Obaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07984","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel 1-Methyl-2-Phenylpyridin-1-Ium Derivatives as Broad-Spectrum FtsZ Inhibitors","volume":"73","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133777","article-title":"Effect of the Structure of Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Different Spacer Groups on Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities","volume":"276","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c05577","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydropyridine Analogues as Potent Antibiofilm Agents Against S. aureus: In Vitro and In Silico Studies","volume":"11","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2011.1222","article-title":"Cellular Response to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-023-05690-w","article-title":"Structural Parameters of Nanoparticles Affecting Their Toxicity for Biomedical Applications: A Review","volume":"25","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011","article-title":"Nanoparticles: Properties, Applications and Toxicities","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19002","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c07924","article-title":"Changes in Gut Microbiota Structure: A Potential Pathway for Silver Nanoparticles to Affect the Host Metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116776","article-title":"Environmental Effects and Interaction of Nanoparticles on Beneficial Soil and Aquatic Microorganisms","volume":"236","author":"Yamini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.01.028","article-title":"Potential Impacts of Silver Nanoparticles on Bacteria in the Aquatic Environment","volume":"191","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118506","article-title":"The Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on Microbial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in the Environment","volume":"293","author":"Yonathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-00349-z","article-title":"Impacts of Foodborne Inorganic Nanoparticles on the Gut Microbiota-Immune Axis: Potential Consequences for Host Health","volume":"17","author":"Lamas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110319","article-title":"Biofilm Formation to Inhibition: Role of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanoparticles","volume":"108","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"3187","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Quorum Quenching Cyanobacterial Silver Nanoparticles and Their Prospectives","volume":"10","author":"Khare","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Surv. Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexres.2026.101453","article-title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica and Justicia adhatoda Leaves and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Properties","volume":"7","author":"Pant","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101706","article-title":"In Vitro Bactericidal and Imipenem Synergistic Effect of Nano-Silver Against Multiple Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.55705\/cmbr.2025.481668.1280","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Meropenem on Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"5","author":"Mohsenzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2023.100400","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Pisonia Alba Leaf Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity","volume":"15","author":"MuthuKathija","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, F.Y., Aly, U.F., Abd El-Baky, R.M., and Waly, N.G.F.M. (2021). Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Efflux Pump and Quorum-Sensing Genes in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060625"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S1748-0132(07)70084-1","article-title":"Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery","volume":"2","author":"Arruebo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8760","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm00994f","article-title":"Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applications and Challenges","volume":"20","author":"Tran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2022.106618","article-title":"Contribution to Optimization and Standardization of Antibacterial Assays with Silver Nanoparticles: The Culture Medium and Their Aggregation","volume":"203","author":"Rubio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.01.022","article-title":"Standardization of Research Methods Employed in Assessing the Interaction Between Metallic-Based Nanoparticles and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Present and Future Perspectives","volume":"296","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2018-0257","article-title":"Quorum Quenching: Role of Nanoparticles as Signal Jammers in Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Hayat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60598-4","article-title":"Phage Therapy with Nebulized Cocktail BX004-A for Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized First-in-Human Trial","volume":"16","author":"Weiner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-021-00269-7","article-title":"The Determinants of Survival among Adults with Cystic Fibrosis\u2014A Cohort Study","volume":"40","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00138-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00138-18","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The Host-Microbe Interface","volume":"32","author":"Malhotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taccetti, G., Francalanci, M., Pizzamiglio, G., Messore, B., Carnovale, V., Cimino, G., and Cipolli, M. (2021). Cystic Fibrosis: Recent Insights into Inhaled Antibiotic Treatment and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030338"},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"(2026, February 12). Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry Annual Data Report 2021\u2014Studocu. Available online: https:\/\/www.studocu.com\/en-gb\/document\/university-of-the-west-of-england\/environmental-law-in-action\/patient-registry-annual-data-report\/82753367."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01056-1","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic Resistance, Interaction with Host, Technology Advances and Emerging Therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00216-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00216-20","article-title":"The Versatile Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix Protein CdrA Promotes Aggregation Through Different Extracellular Exopolysaccharide Interactions","volume":"202","author":"Reichhardt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sass, G., Marsh, J.J., Shrestha, P., Sabino, R., and Stevens, D.A. (2022). Synergy Between Pseudomonas aeruginosa Filtrates and Voriconazole Against Aspergillus Fumigatus Biofilm is Less for Mucoid Isolates from Persons with Cystic Fibrosis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.817315"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debourgogne, A., Monpierre, L., Sy, K.A., Valsecchi, I., Decousser, J.W., and Botterel, F. (2023). Interactions Between Bacteria and Aspergillus Fumigatus in Airways: From the Mycobiome to Molecular Interactions. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090900"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77375-w","article-title":"Tracing the Path of Quorum Sensing Molecules in Cystic Fibrosis Mucus in a Biomimetic In Vitro Permeability Platform","volume":"14","author":"Garbero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"115","article-title":"Quorum Sensing Enhancement of the Stress Response Promotes Resistance to Quorum Quenching and Prevents Social Cheating","volume":"9","author":"Kwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127345","article-title":"Anti-Virulence Compounds Against Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Bovine Mastitis: A New Therapeutic Option?","volume":"271","author":"Sabino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100281","article-title":"Current Strategies Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Advances Toward Future Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0381","article-title":"Biofilms and Inflammation in Chronic Wounds","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.05.007","article-title":"Host Responses to Biofilm","volume":"142","author":"Watters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3329\/cbmj.v15i1.87552","article-title":"Role of Biofilms in Chronic Surgical Wound Infections","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Community Based Med. J."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.H., Dong, J., Le, B.H., Lonergan, Z.R., Gu, W., Girke, T., Zhang, W., Newman, D.K., and Martins-Green, M. (2024). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activates Quorum Sensing, Antioxidant Enzymes and Type VI Secretion in Response to Oxidative Stress to Initiate Biofilm Formation and Wound Chronicity. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060655"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix682","article-title":"Bacterial Infections After Burn Injuries: Impact of Multidrug Resistance","volume":"65","author":"Lachiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burnso.2024.100379","article-title":"Microbial Profile of Burn Wound Injuries in the Northern West Bank\u2014A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"9","author":"Natsha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burn. Open"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"565","article-title":"Systematics, Diagnosis and Treatment of Wound Infections in Chronic Wounds: A Position Paper from WundDACH","volume":"23","author":"Dissemond","year":"2025","journal-title":"JDDG\u2014J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Wound Infections at Two Hospitals in Sidama, Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Tabour","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34474-6","article-title":"Phage-Antibiotic Synergistic Effect for Treating Cutaneous Wounds Infections Caused by MRSA and the Assessment of Wound Healing Biomarkers in a Rabbit Model","volume":"16","author":"Samir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallo, I., Sivori, F., Mastrofrancesco, A., Abril, E., Pontone, M., Di Domenico, E.G., and Pimpinelli, F. (2024). Bacterial Biofilm in Chronic Wounds and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Biology, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020109"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104319","article-title":"Recent Progress in Polymeric Biomaterials and Their Potential Applications in Skin Regeneration and Wound Care Management","volume":"82","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8854311","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8854311","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Burn Wound, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches (Conventional Antimicrobials and Nanoparticles)","volume":"2023","author":"Hemmati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.36349\/easjop.2025.v07i06.002","article-title":"Study of Post-Operative Infections in Orthopedic Implants","volume":"7","author":"Karim","year":"2025","journal-title":"EAS J. Orthop. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S367510","article-title":"Bacteriological Profiles, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns, and Associated Factors in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery with Suspicion of Surgical Site Infection at Arba Minch General Hospital in Southern Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Alelign","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"e70821","article-title":"Organisms Causing Postoperative Implant Infection in Orthopedic Patients Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"16","author":"Mussab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7648014","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7648014","article-title":"Microbiological Profile and Drug Resistance Analysis of Postoperative Infections Following Orthopedic Surgery: A 5-Year Retrospective Review","volume":"2022","author":"Elifranji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25383-z","article-title":"Point-of-Care Antimicrobial Coating Protects Orthopaedic Implants from Bacterial Challenge","volume":"12","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-026-06225-3","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Implant Surface Coatings in Preventing Orthopaedic Implant-Associated Infections: A Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"146","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalifa, A.A., and Farouk, O. (2025). Enhancing Orthopaedic and Traumatology Implant Efficacy: Innovations in Surface Modification Techniques. Biomaterials in Orthopaedics & Trauma: Current Status and Future Trends in Revolutionizing Patient Care, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3017-2_6"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.44839","article-title":"Efficacy of Antimicrobial Coated Orthopaedic Implants on the Prevention of Periprosthetic Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Savvidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Infect."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b01025","article-title":"Disulfide Bond-Containing Ajoene Analogues As Novel Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"60","author":"Fong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady, R.A., Calhoun, J.H., Leid, J.G., and Shirtliff, M.E. (2008). Infections of Orthopaedic Implants and Devices. The Role of Biofilms in Device-Related Infections, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/7142_2008_25"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, J., Wakker-Havinga, M., Setroikromo, R., and Quax, W.J. (2020). Immobilized Acylase PvdQ Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation on PDMS Silicone. Front. Chem., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00054"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s44340-025-00017-y","article-title":"Microbial Disease Resistance Mechanisms with Special Reference to Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Nachiyar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.03.009","article-title":"Screening Strategies for Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in Combating Bacterial Infections","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.122","article-title":"Quorum Quenching Quandary: Resistance to Antivirulence Compounds","volume":"6","author":"Maeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg366","article-title":"Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Quorum Sensing Inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Hentzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1162\/artl_a_00066","article-title":"Evolution of Resistance to Quorum Quenching in Digital Organisms","volume":"18","author":"Beckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Artif. Life"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1162\/106454604773563612","article-title":"Avida: A Software Platform for Research in Computational Evolutionary Biology","volume":"10","author":"Ofria","year":"2004","journal-title":"Artif. Life"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-005-0316-8","article-title":"Modelling Antibiotic- and Anti-Quorum Sensing Treatment of a Spatially-Structured Pseudomonas aeruginosa Population","volume":"51","author":"Anguige","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Math. Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwq047","article-title":"High-Level Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm: The NdvB Gene Is Involved in the Production of Highly Glycerol-Phosphorylated Beta-(1->3)-Glucans, Which Bind Aminoglycosides","volume":"20","author":"Sadovskaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2012.02.002","article-title":"Inhibition of Quorum Sensing in a Computational Biofilm Simulation","volume":"109","author":"Fozard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476582","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2476582","article-title":"Resistance to Quorum Sensing Inhibition Spreads More Slowly during Host Infection than Antibiotic Resistance","volume":"17","author":"Defoirdt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae251","article-title":"Weak Selection for Resistance to Quorum Sensing Inhibition during Multiple Host Infection Cycles","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14446","article-title":"Does Quorum Sensing Interference Affect the Fitness of Bacterial Pathogens in the Real World?","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.84","article-title":"Can Resistance Against Quorum-Sensing Interference Be Selected?","volume":"10","author":"Maeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14442","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14442","article-title":"Are There Any Completely Sterile Organs or Tissues in the Human Body? Is There Any Sacred Place?","volume":"17","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbac273","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac273","article-title":"Statistical Challenges in Longitudinal Microbiome Data Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kodikara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Huttenhower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maisto, L., Telegrafo, C., Rubino, F., Santamaria, M., Traka, M.H., Tullo, A., Bouwman, J., Sbis\u00e0, E., and Balech, B. (2026). Multifaceted Human Gut Microbiome Data Associated with Health and Nutrition. Front. Microbiol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1722500"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markus, V., Paul, A.A., Teral\u0131, K., \u00d6zer, N., Marks, R.S., Golberg, K., and Kushmaro, A. (2023). Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043722"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fal\u00e0, A.K., \u00c1lvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, A., Filloux, A., Gahan, C.G.M., and Cotter, P.D. (2022). Quorum Sensing in Human Gut and Food Microbiomes: Significance and Potential for Therapeutic Targeting. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1002185"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105221","article-title":"A Comparative Study of the Action Mechanisms and Development Strategies of Different ZnO-Based Nanostructures in Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications","volume":"91","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102305","article-title":"Addressing Antibiotic Resistance: Computational Answers to a Biological Problem?","volume":"74","author":"Behling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2150","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2150","article-title":"AI-Driven Drug Discovery: Exploring Abaucin as a Promising Treatment Against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"7","author":"Awan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khameneh, B., Eskin, N.A.M., Iranshahy, M., and Fazly Bazzaz, B.S. (2021). Phytochemicals: A Promising Weapon in the Arsenal Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091044"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, T., Ahmed, S., and Aslam, M. (2023). Artificial Intelligence for Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction: Challenges and Opportunities Towards Practical Implementation. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030523"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2025.01.006","article-title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Predicting and Combating Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"27","author":"Bilal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/5\/447\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:08:01Z","timestamp":1778843281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/5\/447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics15050447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics15050447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}}}