{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:35:45Z","timestamp":1793504145348,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen in community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) requiring hospitalization. This study characterized antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm formation, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) gene distribution, and phylogenetic background of E. coli isolates from hospitalized UTI patients in Western Mexico. Methods: Seventy isolates (September 2023\u2013September 2024) underwent susceptibility testing (CLSI M100, 35th edition), multiplex PCR for blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes, crystal violet biofilm quantification, and Clermont quadruplex PCR phylotyping. Associations were evaluated by Fisher\u2019s exact test with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg FDR (BH-FDR) correction. Results: ESBL phenotype and MDR were detected in 57.1% and 58.6% of isolates. After BH-FDR correction, ESBL production was significantly associated with amikacin (OR = 5.55; 95% CI: 1.80\u201318.74; q = 0.002) and TMP-SMX non-susceptibility (OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.02\u20139.23; q = 0.036); ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility was linked to MDR status (OR = 7.21; 95% CI: 1.28\u201375.66; q = 0.017) but not ESBL phenotype. Biofilm was detected in 77.1% of isolates. blaTEM predominated among ESBL producers (85.0%). Phylogroup B2 (51.4%) was inversely associated with recurrent UTI on both univariate (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.73; p = 0.008) and adjusted analysis (adjusted OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.81; p = 0.025). Phylogroup C (22.9%) exhibited the highest MDR prevalence (81.3%) and the highest biofilm formation rate among phylogroups (87.5%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of ESBL-producing and MDR E. coli, combined with an unexpected predominance of blaTEM, reveals a distinctive local resistance landscape diverging from regional trends. The inverse association of phylogroup B2 with recurrence and TMP-SMX resistance reinforces the clinical value of phylogenetic surveillance in guiding UTI management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15060541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:36:56Z","timestamp":1779892616000},"page":"541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Phylogenetic Distribution of Escherichia coli in Hospitalized Patients with Community-Onset Urinary Tract Infections in Western Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Asdr\u00faval","family":"Zepeda-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Microbiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio Alfredo","family":"Ambriz-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Cervantes-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Castillo-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel Cesar","family":"Licona-Lasteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara\u2014Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2290-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z., Zheng, L., Gong, Z., Li, Y., Jin, Y., Huang, Y., and Chi, M. (2023). Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310537"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89240-5","article-title":"Epidemiological Trends and Predictions of Urinary Tract Infections in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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