{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:13:57Z","timestamp":1780478037930,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VIRBAC S.A."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Reducing antibiotic use in the dairy sector is a critical objective. This study aimed to assess whether Danish farmers were able to achieve this objective appropriately without affecting animal health. Methods: Participants chose from three options\u2014antibiotics (ABs), no treatment (NO), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)\u2014and their decisions were compared against a laboratory-defined \u2018gold standard\u2019. Results: The results indicated that farmers\u2019 professional judgment was unreliable; they frequently misallocated antibiotic treatments, often failing to treat cows that needed them while treating those that did not. Overall, producers administered significantly fewer antibiotics than laboratory results suggested were necessary. Although veterinarians achieved better results via in-clinic bacteriological examinations, their ability to identify specific bacterial species was insufficient. Consequently, cows remain at a significant risk of persistent infection following a clinical episode, regardless of the farmer\u2019s chosen treatment. Conclusions: The study concludes that significant progress needs to be made both on farms and in veterinary clinics to ensure that the use of antibiotics is as little as possible, but as much as necessary. Until such reliability improves, unsuitable treatment will continue to compromise animal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15060570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:58:38Z","timestamp":1780473518000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unsuitable Decisions and Persistent Infection: The Reality of Farmer and Veterinarian Mastitis Treatment Decisions in Denmark"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Durel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VIRBAC S.A., 06510 Carros, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels","family":"Volh\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIRBAC Danmark A\/S, 6000 Kolding, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Beno\u00eet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LABEO Manche, 50000 Saint-L\u00f4, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8252-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Farre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEGES P\/S, 8200 Kolding, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(69)86631-2","article-title":"Mastitis\u2014The Strategy of Control","volume":"52","author":"Dodd","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. 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