{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:24:10Z","timestamp":1793165050111,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UAE-NIH Collaborative Research Initiative","award":["AJF-NIH-1-MBRU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AJF-NIH-1-MBRU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Wastewater systems provide an integrated One Health perspective on antimicrobial resistance but remain uneven globally, with limited data from rapidly urbanizing and highly connected regions such as the Arabian Gulf. Methods: An eight-month prospective study was conducted in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, with monthly sampling from nine community and two hospital nodes and two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Samples were analysed using high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR; Resistomap, Finland) with a 72-target One Health gene panel. Results: Across the 120 samples analyzed, the number of detected gene targets ranged from 26 to 68 genes, with the highest diversity in hospital wastewater and the lowest in WWTP effluent. Pathogen-associated markers were detected in all sources, with enterococci, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae predominant. Hospital wastewater showed broader pathogen-associated gene markers, including those linked to Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with macrolide\u2013lincosamide\u2013streptogramin B, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistance were widespread. Community and influent samples were dominated by msrE, tet(M), and aminoglycoside resistance genes, whereas hospital wastewater showed the highest ARG burden, including enrichment of aac(6\u2032)-Ib, qnrS2, blaGES, blaTEM, blaKPC-2, and blaIMP-1. Several ARGs, including mcr-1, persisted in WWTP effluent. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were ubiquitous, with integron-associated markers prominent in WWTP effluent. ARG\u2013MGE network analysis demonstrated extensive co-occurrence, with MGEs as central hubs linking multiple ARGs. Conclusions: Wastewater captures distinct resistome profiles across urban compartments, supporting its role for AMR surveillance. The persistence of ARGs and MGEs in WWTP effluent highlights the potential for environmental dissemination, through reuse of treated wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15070669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:27:31Z","timestamp":1783531651000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Across the Urban Wastewater Continuum: A One Health Assessment Using High-Throughput qPCR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Douha","family":"Shouqair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alghafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subham","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0433-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4651-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulla","family":"Albastaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5412-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Al","family":"Dhaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmood Y.","family":"Hachim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Shibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-9676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and P. Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Infection Research Unit, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Goering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushtaq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiola","family":"Senok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center for Microbial Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucero-Prisno, D.E., Shomuyiwa, D.O., Kouwenhoven, M.B.N., Dorji, T., Adebisi, Y.A., Odey, G.O., George, N.S., Ajayi, O.T., Ekerin, O., and Manirambona, E. (2025). 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