{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:59:30Z","timestamp":1785405570030,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2007007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2007007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["APP2007007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2007007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aminoglycosides are commonly partnered with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics for empirical treatment of severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, including those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the optimal duration of aminoglycoside therapy when co-administered with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics remains poorly defined. This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of short (one-day, three-day) versus long course (seven-day) of tobramycin therapy, co-administered with piperacillin\/tazobactam, against piperacillin\/tazobactam-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in a hollow fibre infection model (HFIM). A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotics. The HFIM experiments were performed using two piperacillin\/tazobactam-resistant clinical isolates, CTAP-32 and CTAP-72 (both with piperacillin\/tazobactam MICs &gt; 128 mg\/L). The clinical dose of tobramycin (10 mg\/kg\/day IV) was simulated for one, three, and seven days, each in combination with piperacillin\/tazobactam (4.5 g every six hours infused over 30 min). In the HFIM, the one-day, three-day, and seven-day courses of tobramycin administered with piperacillin\/tazobactam resulted in comparable bacterial kill with ~3log10 CFU\/mL bacterial density reduction within the first 8 h of treatment against the CTAP-32 bacterial isolate. Similarly, these three combination regimens resulted in equivalent bacterial killing effects against the CTAP-72 isolate with a ~5log10 CFU\/mL bacterial reduction during the initial treatment period. However, despite this early decline, comparable bacterial regrowth was observed thereafter with the short versus the long course of tobramycin co-administered with piperacillin\/tazobactam. In conclusion, short-course and long-course tobramycin therapy, when combined with piperacillin\/tazobactam, achieved comparable antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa isolates in the HFIM. However, these findings warrant further validation in clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15070685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1783936269000},"page":"685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Short Versus Long Course of Tobramycin Combined with Piperacillin\/Tazobactam Against Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Hollow Fibre Infection Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yalew M.","family":"Wale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, N\u00eemes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, UR UM 103, 34090 Nimes, France"},{"name":"Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5132-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheethal","family":"Reghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Marjanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getnet M.","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie P.O. Box 1145, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9953-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Budi","family":"Permana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4061-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fekade B.","family":"Sime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000501","article-title":"Update on epidemiology and appropriate treatment of life-threatening gram-negative infections","volume":"31","author":"Bassetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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