{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:17:55Z","timestamp":1785406675561,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00241461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00241461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2023-00241461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00241461"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2025-02373103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02373103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-02373103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02373103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c5s4a53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common opportunistic pathogen in companion animals and a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Despite its clinical relevance, the genomic determinants underlying pathogenicity and the transition from commensal carriage to invasive infection remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the genomic determinants of SSTI pathogenic potential in S. pseudintermedius and to determine whether pathogenicity is driven by single, major-effect virulence genes or by polygenic genome-wide genetic architecture. Using accessory gene-based and unitig-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs), employing a linear mixed model, across a genetically diverse collection of S. pseudintermedius isolates spanning multiple phylogenetic clades, we found that disease and carriage isolates showed no phylogenetic clustering. SSTI pathogenicity exhibited high narrow-sense heritability. Surface-associated LPXTG-anchored proteins, particularly spsF, harbored the strongest associations, with additional signals in iron metabolism (narH, sufB) and oxidative stress tolerance (ahpC). Random Forest classification validated GWAS signals. SSTI pathogenicity in S. pseudintermedius reflects a polygenic architecture driven by cumulative variation across surface-associated, metabolic, and stress-response loci, shifting focus from single virulence genes to genome-wide genetic variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15070712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1784726746000},"page":"712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin Infection Pathogenicity Associated with a Canine Microbiome Resident: Polygenic Architecture of Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aqib","family":"Javaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abirami","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Ocean and Fisheries Development International Cooperation Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Mog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazlurrahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Ocean and Fisheries Development International Cooperation Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253-e252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01046.x","article-title":"Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in the dog: Taxonomy, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology and pathogenicity","volume":"23","author":"Bannoehr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. 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