{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T04:47:15Z","timestamp":1785646035453,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005668","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c807f09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hatching egg sanitization protocols are primarily developed to protect embryos during the embryonic stage from exposure to horizontally transmitted pathogenic bacteria, thereby ensuring their survival. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (Poaceae) essential oil, alone or combined with UV-C radiation, as a potential sanitization protocol for hatching eggs. Methods: Unwashed table eggs, used as an experimental model, were sprayed with C. nardus essential oil at two concentrations (0.625\u20131.25%) and exposed to UV-C radiation for different exposure times (0\u201310 min). Mesophilic bacterial load and the physical characteristics of the eggshell were subsequently evaluated. Results: A significant reduction in the mesophilic bacterial load on the eggshell surface was observed following the application of the treatments. C. nardus essential oil promoted reductions greater than 2 log10 CFU\/mL, demonstrating strong antimicrobial activity. The application of UV-C radiation alone resulted in a progressive decrease in the bacterial population, reaching approximately 2 log10 CFU\/mL after 10 min of exposure. However, the combination of the essential oil and UV-C radiation showed the highest antibacterial efficacy, reducing bacterial counts to below 1 log10 CFU\/mL, indicating that the combination of the two technologies was more effective than either treatment applied alone. No significant macroscopic changes were observed in the physical characteristics of the eggshells. Conclusions: The combined application of C. nardus essential oil and UV-C radiation on the eggshell surface may represent a promising sanitization protocol with potential application for hatching eggs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15080740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:20:18Z","timestamp":1785486018000},"page":"740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Antibacterial Protocol Based on Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Essential Oil and UV-C Radiation with Potential Application for Hatching Eggs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepta","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 13416-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (ESA-IPCB), 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (CERNAS-IPCB), 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Centre of Beira Interior (CBPBI), 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josemar Gon\u00e7alves de","family":"Oliveira Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13561-206, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Batista","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geosciences and Human Sciences, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70830-450, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa Alves de Figueiredo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Food, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Machado","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Dead in Shell Chicken Embryos and Culled One Day Chicks","volume":"7","author":"Amer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11041165"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/8\/740\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T04:12:37Z","timestamp":1785643957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/8\/740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics15080740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics15080740","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}}}