{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:18:29Z","timestamp":1788261509395,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Bacteremia poses a significant clinical challenge, often necessitating the off-label use of novel \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BL\/BLI) combinations such as Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam (C\/T), Ceftazidime\/Avibactam (C\/A), and Meropenem\/Vaborbactam (M\/V). Despite their widespread use, no conclusive data support their effectiveness in bacteremia. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of C\/T, C\/A, and M\/V in treating bacteremia, with a focus on survival outcomes and clinical cure rates. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following a comprehensive search of Scopus and PubMed databases. Studies reporting survival and clinical cure rates in patients treated with C\/T, C\/A, or M\/V for bacteremia were included. Data extraction followed predefined criteria, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the findings. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, with 18 reporting survival outcomes and 10 evaluating clinical cure rates. The pooled survival and clinical cure rates were 73.6% (95% CI: 67.5\u201379.8%, p &lt; 0.001) and 76.2% (95% CI: 69.2\u201383.3%, p &lt; 0.001), respectively, both exhibiting moderate heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent survival trends across study quality, with low- and high-risk-of-bias studies demonstrating comparable estimates. Given that C\/A was the most frequently studied agent, its dedicated subgroup analysis yielded a pooled survival estimate of 73.4% (95% CI: 66.4\u201380.3%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides supporting evidence for the clinical effectiveness of C\/T, C\/A, and M\/V in bacteremia reinforcing the role of BL\/BLIs in antimicrobial stewardship as viable options for resistant infections. However, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to validate these results and refine treatment strategies for bacteremia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15090843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1788258738000},"page":"843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Clinical Effectiveness of Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam, Ceftazidime\/Avibactam, and Meropenem\/Vaborbactam in Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1483-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahd","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company\u2014SEHA, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 109090, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3160-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mosab","family":"Albalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company\u2014SEHA, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 109090, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Al-Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, T.R., Gales, A.C., Laxminarayan, R., and Dodd, P.C. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance: Addressing a Global Threat to Humanity. PLoS Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004264"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulani, M.S., Kamble, E.E., Kumkar, S.N., Tawre, M.S., and Pardesi, K.R. (2019). Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review. Front Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00539"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, N.R., Balraj, T.A., Kempegowda, S.N., and Prashant, A. (2024). Multidrug-Resistant Sepsis: A Critical Healthcare Challenge. 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