{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:26:33Z","timestamp":1790479593775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Samples processing and analysis were done with support from University of Liverpool through contract with Niger on serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae genomic consortium."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is the first cause of pneumococcal meningitis Niger. To determine the underlying mechanism of resistance to tetracycline in serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae, a collection of 37 isolates recovered from meningitis patients over the period of 2002 to 2009 in Niger were analyzed for drug susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for molecular analyses. MIC level was determined for 31\/37 (83.8%) isolates and allowed detection of full resistance (MIC = 8 \u00b5g) in 24\/31 (77.4%) isolates. No resistance was found to macrolides and quinolones. Sequence-types deduced from WGS were ST217 (54.1%), ST303 (35.1%), ST2206 (5.4%), ST2839 (2.7%) and one undetermined ST (2.7%). All tetracycline resistant isolates carried a Tn5253 like element, which was found to be an association of two smaller transposons of Tn916 and Tn5252 families. No tet(O) and tet(Q) genes were detected. However, a tet(M) like sequence was identified in all Tn5253 positive strains and was found associated to Tn916 composite. Only one isolate was phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol, wherein a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene sequence homologous to catpC194 from the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 was detected. In conclusion, clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 isolated during 2002 to 2009 meningitis surveillance in Niger were fully susceptible to macrolides and quinolones but highly resistant to tetracycline (77.4%) through acquisition of a defective Tn5253 like element composed of Tn5252 and Tn916 transposons. Of the 31 tested isolates, only one was exceptionally resistant to chloramphenicol and carried a Tn5253 transposon that contained cat gene sequence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7010019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1520338587000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic Determinants of Tetracycline Resistance in Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 Isolates from Niger"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sani","family":"Ousmane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), BP 10887 Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouli","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technique, Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni, BP 10662 Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique Charles de-Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, BP 1198 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0430","article-title":"The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world","volume":"354","author":"Greenwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos. 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