{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:22:05Z","timestamp":1790727725178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are many reports on the complications associated with antibiotics abuse during the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly those related to antimicrobial resistance. The dental profession is no exception; there is growing evidence that dental practitioners are misusing antibiotics in the treatment of their paediatric patients. This review is directed to dental practitioners who provide oral healthcare to children. It is also directed to medical practitioners, particularly those working in emergency departments and encountering children with acute orofacial infections. A systematic search of literature was conducted to explore the clinical indications and recommended antibiotic regimens for orofacial infections in paediatric outpatients. The main indications included cellulitis, aggressive periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and pericoronitis. Amoxicillin was found to be the most commonly recommended antibiotic for short durations of 3\u20135 days, with metronidazole or azithromycin being the alternative antibiotics in penicillin-sensitive patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7020038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T11:15:39Z","timestamp":1524654939000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Antibiotic Prescribing for Oro-Facial Infections in the Paediatric Outpatient: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Najla","family":"Dar-Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College &amp; Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hani T.","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College &amp; Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaden","family":"Abu-Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rua\u2019a","family":"Abdeljawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ibn Alhaitham Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Abu-Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College &amp; Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.08.001","article-title":"Allergy to antibiotics in children: An overestimated problem","volume":"48","author":"Esposito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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