{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T18:49:39Z","timestamp":1775933379674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-T32-AI-112542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-T32-AI-112542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1139917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1139917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemolytic\u2013uremic syndrome is a life-threating disease most often associated with Shiga toxin-producing microorganisms like Escherichia coli (STEC), including E. coli O157:H7. Shiga toxin is encoded by resident prophages present within this bacterium, and both its production and release depend on the induction of Shiga toxin-encoding prophages. Consequently, treatment of STEC infections tend to be largely supportive rather than antibacterial, in part due to concerns about exacerbating such prophage induction. Here we explore STEC O157:H7 prophage induction in vitro as it pertains to phage therapy\u2014the application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents to treat bacterial infections\u2014to curtail prophage induction events, while also reducing STEC O157:H7 presence. We observed that cultures treated with strictly lytic phages, despite being lysed, produce substantially fewer Shiga toxin-encoding temperate-phage virions than untreated STEC controls. We therefore suggest that phage therapy could have utility as a prophylactic treatment of individuals suspected of having been recently exposed to STEC, especially if prophage induction and by extension Shiga toxin production is not exacerbated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T11:48:31Z","timestamp":1542368911000},"page":"101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Fighting Fire with Fire: Phage Potential for the Treatment of E. coli O157 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Howard-Varona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean R.","family":"Vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie E.","family":"Solonenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Fen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Consuelo","family":"Gazitua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Chittick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Samiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-428X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aubrey E.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Howard-Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anika A.","family":"Kinkhabwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiBiome, Inc., 29528 Union City blvd, Union City, CA 94587, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Abedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.019","article-title":"Bacteriophage-mediated spread of bacterial virulence genes","volume":"23","author":"Penades","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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