{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:31:49Z","timestamp":1780464709288,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]],"date-time":"2019-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orbignya speciosa (babassu) is an important palm tree in Brazil whose fixed almond oil is used in popular medicine and especially in food, in addition to being a research target for the manufacture of biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fixed almond oil physicochemical characterization and its antibacterial activity in isolation and in association with aminoglycosides against standard and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Analyses such as water content, pH, acidity, peroxide index, relative density, and refractive index indicate the stability and chemical quality of the oil. In the oil\u2019s GC\/MS chemical composition analysis, a high saturated fatty acid (76.90%) content was observed. Lauric acid (56.28%) and oleic acid (23.10%) were the major oil components. In the antibacterial test, a more significant oil activity was observed against K. pneumoniae KP-ATCC 10031 (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 406.37 \u03bcg\/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC = 812.75 \u03bcg\/mL), but for the other strains\u2014including standard and multi-resistant strains\u2014the oil presented an MIC \u2265 1024 \u03bcg\/mL. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed when the oil was associated with amikacin and gentamicin against S. aureus (SA-10) and an antagonistic effect was observed with amikacin against Escherichia coli. Data indicate the O. speciosa oil as a valuable nutritional source of lauric, oleic, and myristic fatty acids with an ability to modulate aminoglycoside activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8010028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antibiotic Activity Potentiation and Physicochemical Characterization of the Fixed Orbignya speciosa Almond Oil against MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Other Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jean Ferreira","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Center, Faculty of Technology Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte 63041-190, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"do Socorro Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saulo Relison","family":"Tintino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Fernandes Galv\u00e3o","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Bezerra","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte 63041-190, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Douglas Melo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Galberto Martins","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1065-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irwin Rose Alencar","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erl\u00e2nio Oliveira","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Center, Faculty of Technology Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte 63041-190, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4025\/actascibiolsci.v37i2.22877","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and modulation in aminoglycosides antibiotics activity by Lantana camara L.","volume":"37","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03912","article-title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation","volume":"436","author":"Hoffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201000555","article-title":"Synergistic action between Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed oil with aminoglycosides in vitro","volume":"113","author":"Saraiva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"39","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides and modulating the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf","volume":"20","author":"Lucena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Colomb."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.003","article-title":"Effects of a nanocomposite containing Orbignya speciosa lipophilic extract on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"135","author":"Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-009-1400-9","article-title":"Characterization of oil extracted from buriti fruit (Mauritia flexuosa) grown in the Brazilian Amazon region","volume":"86","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16075875","article-title":"Comparative properties of amazonian oils obtained by different extraction methods","volume":"16","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). Normas Anal\u00edticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz: M\u00e9todos Qu\u00edmicos e F\u00edsicos Para An\u00e1lises de Alimentos, IAL. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, Y.F., Costa, M.S., Tintino, S.R., Rocha, J.E., Rodrigues, F.F.G., Feitosa, M.K.S.B., Menezes, I.R.A., Coutinho, H.D.M., Costa, J.G.M., and Sousa, E.O. (2018). Modulation of the antibiotic activity by Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) fixed oil against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Pathogens, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens7040098"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"282","article-title":"Kovats Indices Simulation in Essential Oil Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Alencar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry, Allured Publ. Corp. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3989\/gya.105909","article-title":"Physicochemical and spectroscopical investigation of pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) pulp oil","volume":"61","author":"Sena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Grasas y Aceites"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"27","article-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmica de \u00f3leos fixos artesanais do coco baba\u00e7u (Orbignya phalerata) de regi\u00f5es ecol\u00f3gicas do estado do Maranh\u00e3o, Brasil","volume":"20","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Pesq. Foco"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2013.04.031","article-title":"High pressure physicochemical properties of biodiesel components used for spray characteristics in diesel injection systems","volume":"111","author":"Dzida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential and physicochemical characteristics of Sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L.) and Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) produced in the Brazilian Northeast","volume":"10","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Plena"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302009000500012","article-title":"Importance of the dietary fat on the prevention and control of metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease","volume":"53","author":"Lottenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-20612011000200032","article-title":"Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) and patawa (Oenocarpus bataua) fruit pulp from the amazon region","volume":"31","author":"Darnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/10942910903207744","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of pequi pulp oil (Caryocar coriaceum-WITTM.)","volume":"14","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3109\/09637480903535772","article-title":"Analysis of componentes and study on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of oil in apple seeds","volume":"61","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011175a","article-title":"Antimicrobial synergistic effect of linolenic acid and monoglyceride against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2355-3","article-title":"Antibacterial free fatty acids: Activities, mechanismsof action and biotechnological potential","volume":"85","author":"Desbois","year":"2010","journal-title":"App. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12315","article-title":"Combating against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus\u2013two fatty acids from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibit synergistic effects with erythromycin","volume":"67","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.911331","article-title":"Chemical identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fixed oil extracted from Rhinella jimi","volume":"53","author":"Sales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.06.008","article-title":"Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases","volume":"15","author":"Hemaiswarya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2018.09.009","article-title":"Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of fixed oils of Mauritia flexuosa and Orbignya speciosa associated with aminoglycosides","volume":"23","author":"Nobre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/8\/1\/28\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:38:27Z","timestamp":1760186307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/8\/1\/28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics8010028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics8010028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]]}}}