{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:17Z","timestamp":1792789037571,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zambon Pharmaceuticals","award":["WBS 2180536501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WBS 2180536501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inappropriate choices and durations of therapy for urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common and widespread problem. In this qualitative study, we sought to understand why primary care providers (PCPs) choose certain antibiotics or durations of treatment and the sources of information they rely upon to guide antibiotic-prescribing decisions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 PCPs in two family medicine clinics focused on antibiotic-prescribing decisions for UTIs. Our interview guide focused on awareness and familiarity with guidelines (knowledge), acceptance and outcome expectancy (attitudes), and external barriers. We followed a six-phase approach to thematic analysis, finding that many PCPs believe that fluoroquinolones achieve more a rapid and effective control of UTI symptoms than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or nitrofurantoin. Most providers were unfamiliar with fosfomycin as a possible first-line agent for the treatment of acute cystitis. PCPs may be misled by advanced patient age, diabetes, and recurrent UTIs to make inappropriate choices for the treatment of acute cystitis. For support in clinical decision making, few providers relied on guidelines, preferring instead to have decision support embedded in the electronic medical record. Knowing the PCPs\u2019 knowledge gaps and preferred sources of information will guide the development of a primary care-specific antibiotic stewardship intervention for acute cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8020084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T10:43:32Z","timestamp":1560941012000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Qualitative Analysis of Primary Care Provider Prescribing Decisions for Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Grigoryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Zoorob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Germanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Horsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fareed M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara W.","family":"Trautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019, June 17). Antibiotic\/Antimicrobial Resistance. 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