{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:27:22Z","timestamp":1772893642129,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R &amp; D Project of Yunnan Province: Social Development Field","award":["2018BC006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018BC006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the prevalence of antibiotic resistant and antibiotic resistance genes for 49 Tetragenococcus halophilus (T. halophilus) strains isolated from Xuawei ham in China. The antibiotic resistance phenotype was detected by the Bauer\u2013Kirby (K\u2013B) method and the results showed that 49 isolates can be considered completely susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefradine, cefotaxime, tetracyclines, minocycline, doxycycline, and vancomycin, but resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin, polymyxinB, cotrimoxazole. This resistance was sufficiently high to consider the potential for acquisition of transmissible determinants. A total of 32 isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, 4 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, and 2 isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and ticarcillin. The antibiotic resistance genes were detected by routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 26 antibiotic resistance genes, 5 varieties of antibiotic resistance genes, including acrB, blaTEM, AAda1, SulII, and GyrB were detected and the detection rates were 89.79%, 47.7%, 16.33%, 77.55%, and 75.51%, respectively. The potential acquisition of transmissible determinants for antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance genes identified in this study necessitate the need for a thorough antibiotic resistance safety assessment of T. halophilus before it can be considered for use in food fermentation processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8030151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:31:46Z","timestamp":1568691106000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Isolation and Antibiotic Resistant Research of Tetragenococcus halophilus from Xuanwei Ham, A China High-Salt-Fermented Meat Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yinjiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luying","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8119-6433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"},{"name":"Faculty of agriculture and food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"The phylogeny of Aerococcus and Pediococcus as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis: Description of Tetragenococcus gen. nov.","volume":"58","author":"Collins","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(98)80013-1","article-title":"Physiological diversity among strains of Tetragenococcus halophilus","volume":"21","author":"Gurtler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"48","article-title":"Isolation and Arginine Metabolism Detection of a Tetragenococcus halophilus Strain","volume":"35","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.004","article-title":"Bacterial dynamics during yearlong spontaneous fermentation for production of ngari, a dry fermented fish product of Northeast India","volume":"199","author":"Devi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.49.95","article-title":"Taxonomic homogeneity of a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria isolated from shoyu mash","volume":"49","author":"Hanagata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/018168-0","article-title":"Genetic and physiological diversity of Tetragenococcus halophilus strains isolated from sugar- and salt-rich environments","volume":"154","author":"Juste","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9542-4","article-title":"Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Japanese- and Chinese-Fermented Soybean Pastes Using Nested PCR-DGGE","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01573.x","article-title":"Widespread distribution of the bacteriocin-producing lactic acid cocci in Miso-paste products","volume":"92","author":"Onda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.4.1203-1207.1996","article-title":"Characterization of Tetragenococcus halophila Populations in Indonesian Soy Mash (Kecap) Fermentation","volume":"62","author":"Roling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.05.016","article-title":"Proteinase-producing halophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from fish sauce fermentation and their ability to produce volatile compounds","volume":"141","author":"Udomsil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8401","DOI":"10.1021\/jf201953v","article-title":"Use of Tetragenococcus halophilus as a Starter Culture for Flavor Improvement in Fish Sauce Fermentation","volume":"59","author":"Udomsil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-015-2412-3","article-title":"Effect of different halophilic microbial fermentation patterns on the volatile compound profiles and sensory properties of soy sauce moromi (vol 239, pg 321, 2014)","volume":"240","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.13077","article-title":"Comparing the differences of characteristic flavour between natural maturation and starter culture for Mucor-type Douchi","volume":"51","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.07.074","article-title":"Suppressive effect of Tetragenococcus halophilus, isolated from fish-nukazuke, on histamine accumulation in salted and fermented fish","volume":"130","author":"Kuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.O-08-548","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus Th221 from soy sauce moromi for perennial allergic rhinitis","volume":"58","author":"Ikuko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(98)00198-9","article-title":"Safety of industrial lactic acid bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.006","article-title":"Microbial perturbations and modulation in conditions associated with malnutrition and malabsorption","volume":"30","author":"Jonkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-18-195","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Naturally Fermented Chinese Cured Beef","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2005.09.013","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat: A research for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"18","author":"Pesavento","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(02)00241-6","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in food-related bacteria\u2014A result of interfering with the global web of bacterial genetics","volume":"78","author":"Sorum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.09.004","article-title":"Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and humans","volume":"301","author":"Graveland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.10.012","article-title":"Safety assessment of Tetragenococcus halophilus isolates from doenjang, a Korean high-salt-fermented soybean paste","volume":"62","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2001.00055.x","article-title":"Human infections caused by glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp.: Are they a zoonosis?","volume":"7","author":"Sundsfjord","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050022","article-title":"Spread of antibiotic resistance with food-borne pathogens","volume":"56","author":"Teuber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2001.9695069","article-title":"Human health hazards associated with the administration of antimicrobials to slaughter animals. Part II. An assessment of the risks of resistant bacteria in pigs and pork","volume":"23","author":"Berends","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"207","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in fermented food lactic acid bacteria-a review","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. China"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.025","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides isolated from naturally-fermented Alore\u00f1a table olives throughout fermentation process","volume":"172","author":"Benomar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"511","article-title":"Two kinds of antibiotics resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from yogurt","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"China Public Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02105-06","article-title":"Antibiotic resistances of starter and probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria","volume":"73","author":"Hummel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"889","article-title":"Identification of lactic acid bacteria in commercial yogurt and their antibiotic resistance","volume":"53","author":"Qin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Lu, L.K. (2013). The Role of Tetragenococcus halophilus\u2019 Gene clpB, dnaK, hrcA in Saline Adaption. [Master\u2019s Thesis, South China University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"150","article-title":"Isolation, Identification and Preliminary Screening of Acid-Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria from Naturally Fermented Pickle Juices from Daqing","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Guo, M.L. (2015). Analysis of Prosciutto Microflora and the Effect of Superior Strains on the Composition of Microflora in Fermented Sausage. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Yangzhou University]."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Ma, C. (2014). Detection and Sequence Analysis of Correlative Virulence Gene and Drug Resistance Genes of Superiority Escherichia Coli Serotypes Isolated from Cow Mastitis. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Ningxia University]."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Yue, S. (2017). Detection and Analysis of Drug Resistance Genes and Virulence Genes of E. coli in Beef Cattle in Parts of Heilongjiang Province. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University]."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"65","article-title":"Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Pathogenic Salmonella from Swine","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Et Zootech. Sin."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"928","article-title":"Expression of marA, soxS and ramA genes and efflux pump genes acrA and acrB in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"2244","article-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and vancomycin resistance genes in Enterococcus species","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Health Lab. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Liu, Y. (2016). Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Enterobacteriacea, South China University of Technology."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/8\/3\/151\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:20:37Z","timestamp":1760188837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/8\/3\/151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics8030151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics8030151","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]}}}