{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:38:45Z","timestamp":1791236325547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)","award":["GUST.STS.\u0110T2017-SH03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUST.STS.\u0110T2017-SH03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of the crude ethyl acetate extract (CEAE) from endophytic actinomycete MPT42 and essential oil (EO) of the same host plant Litsea cubeba. The isolate MPT42, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and harboring all three antibiotic-related biosynthetic genes pks-I, pks-II, and nrps, was identified as Streptomycete griseorubens based on an analysis of the morphology, physiology, and 16S rDNA sequence. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the fractional inhibitory concentration index were used to estimate the synergistic effects of various combined ratios between CEAE or antibiotics (erythromycin, vancomycin) and EO toward 13 microbial strains including pathogens. L. cubeba fruit EO, showing the main chemical constituents of 36.0% citral, 29.6% carveol, and 20.5% limonene, revealed an active-low against tested microbes (MICs \u2265 600 \u03bcg\/mL). The CEAE of S. griseorubens culture exhibited moderate\u2013strong antimicrobial activities against microbes (MICs = 80\u2013600 \u03bcg\/mL). Analysis of the mechanism of action of EO on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 found that bacterial cells were dead after 7 h of the EO treatment at 1 MIC (5.5 mg\/mL), where 62% cells were permeabilized after 2 h and 3% of them were filament (length \u2265 6 \u03bcm). Combinations of CEAE, erythromycin, or vancomycin with EO led to significant synergistic antimicrobial effects against microbes with 4\u201316 fold reduction in MIC values when compared to their single use. Interestingly, the vancomycin\u2013EO combinations exhibited a strong synergistic effect against five Gram-negative bacterial species. This could assume that the synergy was possibly due to increasing the cell membrane permeability by the EO acting on the bacterial cells, which allows the uptake and diffusion of antimicrobial substances inside the cell easily. These findings in the present study therefore propose a possible alternative to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes in veterinary and clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T04:44:31Z","timestamp":1572237871000},"page":"197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of Its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Quang Huy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1, Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Hanh-Nguyen","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son","family":"Chu-Ky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1, Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu Trang","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1, Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Tung","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Lien","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang Ha","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Nhan","family":"Khieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Training, 49 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Sarter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UMR ISEM, University Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"ISEM, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1233-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quyet-Tien","family":"Phi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. 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