{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:18:03Z","timestamp":1784618283634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is a pioneer in reporting the antibacterial properties of the species Croton ceanothifolius Baill. The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae composed of numerous species with documented biological activities. However, the pharmacological properties of C. ceanothifolius remain poorly understood. The leaves of this plant were submitted to hydrodistillation for essential oil (CcEO) extraction and the phytochemical characterization of the oil was performed by GC\/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the CcEO was determined for the evaluation of antibacterial activity against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-modulating activity of the oil, in combination with antibiotics, was also evaluated. The combination of the CcEO with penicillin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin presented a synergistic effect. This effect was more significant for the association with antibiotics of the quinolone and aminoglycoside classes against Escherichia coli. The association of oil with gentamicin showed better results with regard to the Gram-positive strain. The association of the oil with norfloxacin against P. aeruginosa also showed synergism, but the association with penicillin did not change the effect of this antibiotic. Thus, it is concluded that C. ceanothifolius essential oil selectively potentiates the action of antibiotics against multiresistant strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T10:30:27Z","timestamp":1579084227000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Essential Oil of Croton ceanothifolius Baill. Potentiates the Effect of Antibiotics against Multiresistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"J. de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"R. Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora F.","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana\u00edna","family":"Esmeraldo Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 B. de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"C. da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talysson F.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8205-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundo L. S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Ribeiro-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ\/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz E. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor Litoral, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderlei","family":"do Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor Litoral, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edcero","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor Litoral, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saulo R.","family":"Tintino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7557-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Vitalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique D.","family":"Melo Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Emerg\u00eancia de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes aos antimicrobianos: Um desafio cont\u00ednuo","volume":"13","author":"Morey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Ci\u00eanc. M\u00e9d. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"Uso de plantas medicinais em comunidades rurais da Serra do Passa-Tempo, estado do Piau\u00ed, Nordeste do Brasil","volume":"13","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. 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