{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:38:32Z","timestamp":1791765512670,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of fungal resistance to commercial drugs has been a major problem for the WHO. In this context, research with natural products is promising in the discovery of new active substances. Thus, this work evaluated the antifungal effect of a medicinal plant (i.e., Mesosphaerum suaveolens) against strains of the genus Candida, tested the combined effect with the drug fluconazole, and, finally, determined the phenolic constituents present in the species. Initially, aqueous extracts of leaves (AELMs) and aerial parts (AEAPMs) of the species were prepared. For microbiological assays, the minimum fungicidal concentration was determined by broth microdilution, and the combined effect of fluconazole extracts were verified by sub-inhibitory microdilution concentrations (CFM\/8) followed by spectrophotometric readings which were used to determine the IC50. HPLC detected the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, detecting eight compounds present in the samples of which caffeic acid and quercetin were major components. The AELMs modulated fluconazole activity since it decreased fluconazole\u2019s IC50 from 7.8 \u00b5g\/mL to an IC50 of 4.7 \u00b5g\/mL (CA LM 77) and from 28.8 \u00b5g\/mL to 18.26 \u00b5g\/mL (CA INCQS 40006) for the C. albicans strains. The AEAPMs were able to potentiate the effect of fluconazole more effectively than the AELMs. Such an effect was significant for the 16 \u00b5g\/mL concentration for CA LM 77 and 32 \u00b5g\/mL for CA INCQS 40006. The AEAPMs as well as the AELMs presented clinically relevant activities for C. tropicalis strains. For the C. tropicalis LM 23 strain, the AEPMs obtained an IC50 of 25 \u00b5g\/mL and the AELMs an IC50 of 359.9 \u00b5g\/mL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1580125317000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In vitro Antibiotic and Modulatory Activity of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze against Candida strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Adrielle","family":"Rodrigues Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Weverton Almeida","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Plant Biology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Pereira da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Audilene","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane Bezerra","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Cruz","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Course at the Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato-CE-Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia Thassya Lucas","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5898-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Flaviana","family":"Bezerra Morais Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Mycology of Cariri, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leomara Andrade","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Botany \u2013 National Amazon Research Institute (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ivaneide Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, University of Regional Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Kamdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, University of Regional Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Vitalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia Eliene","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, University of Regional Cariri (URCA), Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Marivando","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetable Ecophysiology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63122-290, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Vulvogaginitis candidi\u00e1sica","volume":"19","author":"Ziarrusta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. 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