{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:55:56Z","timestamp":1793750156820,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,9]],"date-time":"2020-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Experience in real clinical practice with ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of serious infections due to gram\u2212negative bacteria (GNB) other than carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is very limited. Methods: We carried out a retrospective multicenter study of patients hospitalized in 13 Italian hospitals who received \u226572 h of ceftazidime-avibactam for GNB other than CRE to assess the rates of clinical success, resistance development, and occurrence of adverse events. Results: Ceftazidime-avibactam was used to treat 41 patients with GNB infections other than CRE. Median age was 62 years and 68% of them were male. The main causative agents were P. aeruginosa (33\/41; 80.5%) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (4\/41, 9.8%). Four patients had polymicrobial infections. All strains were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam. The most common primary infection was nosocomial pneumonia (n = 20; 48.8%), primary bacteremia (n = 7; 17.1%), intra-abdominal infection (n = 4; 9.8%), and bone infection (n = 4; 9.8%). Ceftazidime-avibactam was mainly administered as a combination treatment (n = 33; 80.5%) and the median length of therapy was 13 days. Clinical success at the end of the follow-up period was 90.5%, and the only risk factor for treatment failure at multivariate analysis was receiving continuous renal replacement therapy during ceftazidime-avibactam. There was no association between clinical failures and type of primary infection, microbiological isolates, and monotherapy with ceftazidime-avibactam. Only one patient experienced recurrent infection 5 days after the end of treatment. Development of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was not detected in any case during the whole follow-up period. No adverse events related to ceftazidime-avibactam were observed in the study population. Conclusions: Ceftazidime-avibactam may be a valuable therapeutic option for serious infections due to GNB other than CRE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T11:48:51Z","timestamp":1581335331000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Clinical Experience with Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Other than Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0697-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Vena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Policlinico San Martino\u2212IRCCS, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Policlinico San Martino\u2212IRCCS, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine 33100, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Cattelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera\u2212Universitaria di Padova, Padua 35128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Luzzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Policlinico San Martino\u2212IRCCS, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mother and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Carbonara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Bari Consorziale Policlinico, Bari 70121, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cL. Spallanzani\u201d, Rome 00149, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Sant\u2019Andrea, La Spezia 19121, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Sepulcri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Policlinico San Martino\u2212IRCCS, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Meschiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Raumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera\u2212Universitaria di Padova, Padua 35128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital Policlinico San Martino\u2212IRCCS, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Ceftabuse Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12342","article-title":"Global dissemination of extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Clinical perspectives on detection, treatment and infection control","volume":"277","author":"Tangden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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