{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:32:03Z","timestamp":1787027523224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we aimed to characterize antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bloodstream infections as well as the associated genetic lineages of the isolates. Sixteen MRSA isolates were recovered from bacteremia samples from inpatients between 2016 and 2019. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was tested by the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. To determine the macrolide\u2013lincosamide\u2013streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotype of the isolates, erythromycin-resistant isolates were assessed by double-disk diffusion (D-test). The resistance and virulence genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, and accessory gene regulator (agr) typing. Isolates showed resistance to cefoxitin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides, confirmed by the presence of the blaZ, ermA, ermC, mphC, msrA\/B, aac(6\u2019)-Ie-aph(2\u2019\u2019)-Ia, and ant(4\u2019)-Ia genes. Three isolates were Panton\u2013Valentine-leukocidin-positive. Most strains (n = 12) presented an inducible MLSB phenotype. The isolates were ascribed to eight spa-types (t747, t002, t020, t1084, t008, t10682, t18526, and t1370) and four MLSTs (ST22, ST5, ST105, and ST8). Overall, most (n = 12) MRSA isolates had a multidrug-resistance profile with inducible MLSB phenotypes and belonged to epidemic MRSA clones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T06:51:20Z","timestamp":1593759080000},"page":"375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genetic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Human Bloodstream Infections: Detection of MLSB Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9406-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hermenegildo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3674-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia M.","family":"Manaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Capita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alonso-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5896-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Maltez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Capelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1349-008 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Proteomass Scientific Society, 2825-466 Costa de Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Igrejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.12.1.49","article-title":"Isolation and identification of staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft tissue infection in sepsis cases, Odisha","volume":"12","author":"Mohanty","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pure Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powers, M.E., and Wardenburg, J.B. (2014). Igniting the fire: Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors in the pathogenesis of sepsis. PLoS Pathog., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003871"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.11.012","article-title":"Discovery of novel arylethenesulfonyl fluorides as potential candidates against methicillin-resistant of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for overcoming multidrug resistance of bacterial infections","volume":"162","author":"Zha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, E.F., Johnson, J.K., and Jabra-Rizk, M.A. (2016). Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An enemy amidst us. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005837"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.78558","article-title":"Inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples","volume":"3","author":"Prabhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lab. Physicians"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"564","article-title":"Distribution of erm genes and low prevalence of inducible resistance to clindamycin among staphylococci isolates","volume":"14","author":"Coutinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2019.10.1.06","article-title":"Analysis of resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B among mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates","volume":"10","author":"Khodabandeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00020-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-18","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular characterization, evolution, and epidemiology","volume":"31","author":"Lakhundi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03709-6","article-title":"Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus EMRSA-15 clone as the predominant cause of diabetic foot ulcer infections in Portugal","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dat, V.Q., Vu, H.N., Nguyen The, H., Nguyen, H.T., Hoang, L.B., Vu Tien Viet, D., Bui, C.L., Van Nguyen, K., Nguyen, T.V., and Trinh, D.T. (2017). Bacterial bloodstream infections in a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Northern Vietnam: Aetiology, drug resistance, and treatment outcome. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2582-7"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00134-14","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus infections: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management","volume":"28","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1801-3","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and management of MRSA bacteremia across patient populations\u2014A review of recent developments in MRSA management and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Hassoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4657396","article-title":"Biofilm formation by Methicillin-resistant and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains from hospitalized patients in Poland","volume":"2018","author":"Piechota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3210-1","article-title":"Spa type distribution in MRSA and MSSA bacteremias and association of spa clonal complexes with the clinical characteristics of bacteremia","volume":"37","author":"Jokinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2020, April 10). Antimicrobial Consumption in the EU\/EEA, Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Antimicrobial-consumption-EU-EEA.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.005","article-title":"Hospital-associated MRSA and antibiotic resistance\u2014What have we learned from genomics?","volume":"303","author":"Lindsay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterisation of antibiotic resistance, virulence, clonality and mortality in MRSA and MSSA bloodstream infections at a tertiary-level hospital in Hungary: A 6-year retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Dobay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.04.004","article-title":"Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of international clones of healthcare-, community-and livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Blurring of the traditional definitions","volume":"6","author":"Bal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.068551-0","article-title":"Large mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes that do not confer a fitness burden in healthcare-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"159","author":"Knight","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiology (UK)"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0149","article-title":"Massive dissemination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bloodstream infections in a high MRSA prevalence country: Establishment and diversification of EMRSA-15","volume":"19","author":"Faria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00692-08","article-title":"Changing patterns in frequency of recovery of five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Portuguese hospitals: Surveillance over a 16-year period","volume":"46","author":"Correia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinheimer, C., Kempf, V.A.J., Jozsa, K., Wichelhaus, T.A., Hogardt, M., O\u2019Rourke, F., and Brandt, C. (2017). Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in refugee patients, medical tourists and domestic patients admitted to a German university hospital. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2105-y"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.09.017","article-title":"Development of a real-time assay to determine the frequency of qac genes in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"153","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson, D.A., Roberts, S.A., Ritchie, S.R., Coombs, G.W., Fraser, J.D., and Heffernan, H. (2013). Clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in New Zealand: Rapid emergence of sequence type 5 (ST5)-SCCmec-IV as the dominant community-associated MRSA clone. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062020"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.07.024","article-title":"Identification and control of an outbreak of ciprofloxacin-susceptible EMRSA-15 on a neonatal unit","volume":"67","author":"Otter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.01.055","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients with bacteremia based on MLST, SCCmec, spa, and agr locus types analysis","volume":"104","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70238-4","article-title":"The role of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin in staphylococcal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Shallcross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2009.036","article-title":"Comparison of the prevalence of genes coding for enterotoxins, exfoliatins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and TSST-1 between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus at the University Hospital in Olomouc","volume":"153","author":"Sila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Pap."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.11.032","article-title":"The association between pathogen factors and clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary hospital, Cape Town","volume":"91","author":"Abdulgader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"256","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bacteraemia in northern Italy","volume":"20","author":"Aschbacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infez. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2006.07.010","article-title":"Prevalence of agr specificity groups among methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating at Charles Nicolle hospital of Tunis","volume":"54","author":"Samir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.031","article-title":"Population structure and characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from bacteraemia at multiple hospitals in China: Association between antimicrobial resistance, toxin genes and genotypes","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.08.029","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis versus bacteremia strains: Subtle genetic differences at stake","volume":"36","author":"Bouchiat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01362","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01362-19","article-title":"Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clonal complex 5, the New York\/Japan epidemic clone, causing a high early-mortality rate in patients with bloodstream infections","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0162744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162744","article-title":"Shifts in the Clonal Distribution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait Hospitals: 1992\u20132010","volume":"11","author":"Boswihi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.12.002","article-title":"Comparison of molecular epidemiology of bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates between a new and an old hospital in central Taiwan","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz114","article-title":"The Importance of Staphylococcus aureus genotypes in outcomes and complications of bacteremia","volume":"69","author":"David","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00200","article-title":"Prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance of staphylococci to macrolides and lincosamides in Serbia","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-013-0133-5","article-title":"Incidence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance among hospital-associated Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"4","author":"Sasirekha","year":"2014","journal-title":"3 Biotech."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/9\/7\/375\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:46:42Z","timestamp":1760176002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/9\/7\/375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics9070375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9070375","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]}}}