{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:37:42Z","timestamp":1778830662461,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Opportunistic fungal infections are increasingly common, with Candida albicans being the most common etiological agent; however, in recent years, episodes of candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species have emerged. Plants belonging to the Lauraceae family have shown remarkable antifungal effects. This study assessed the anti-Candida activity of Ocotea glomerata extracts and fractions, time of death and the synergistic effects with conventional antifungals. The possible mechanism of action was also addressed. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth microdilution technique, and the mechanism of action was assessed by ergosterol, sorbitol, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphatidylserine externalization tests. Results: All the tested extracts evidenced antifungal activity, but the methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective (MIC = 3.12 \u03bcg\/mL) on C. krusei. The combination of methanol extract with ketoconazole and fluconazole revealed a synergistic effect for C. krusei and C. albicans, respectively. Fractions 1 and 5 obtained from the methanol extract had fungicidal activity, mainly against C. krusei. Methanol extract did not reveal effects by ergosterol and sorbitol assays; however, it led to an increase in intracellular ROS levels, decreased cell viability, and consequently, cell death. Conclusion: O. glomerata methanol extract may be viewed as a rich source of biomolecules with antifungal activity against Candida spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T10:45:19Z","timestamp":1594291519000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez Extract and Fractions: Chemical Characterization, Anti-Candida Activity and Related Mechanism of Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mayara Nunes Vitor","family":"Anjos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6814-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Nascimento de","family":"Ara\u00fajo-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniela","family":"Silva Buonafina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rejane","family":"Pereira Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson Rubhens de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Cristinne Ferraz","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda Rhayanny Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Alberto Lira","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Douglas Melo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Vanusa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Tereza dos Santos","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19011085","article-title":"Invasive Fungal Infections in the ICU: How to Approach, How to Treat","volume":"19","author":"Paramythiotou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx444","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive candidiasis","volume":"73","author":"Lamoth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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