{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:33:25Z","timestamp":1787027605980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pig pathogens is critical to optimize antimicrobial treatments and prevent development of resistance with a one-health approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of swine respiratory pathogens in Spain from 2017 to 2019. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out following standardized methods from samples coming from sacrificed or recently deceased pigs with acute clinical signs compatible with respiratory tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the broth microdilution method containing a total of 10 and 7\u20138 antimicrobials\/concentrations respectively, in accordance with the recommendations presented by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility varies between pig respiratory pathogens. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) were highly susceptible (\u226590%) to ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin, tildipirosin and tulathromycin). However, the antimicrobial susceptibility was intermediate (&gt;60% but &lt;90%) for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in the case of APP and sulfamethoxazole\/trimethropim and tiamulin in the case of PM. Both bacteria showed low (&lt;60%) antimicrobial susceptibility to doxycycline. Finally, Bordetella bronchiseptica was highly susceptible only to tildipirosin and tulathromycin (100%) and its susceptibility for florfenicol was close to 50% and &lt;30% for the rest of the antimicrobial families tested. These results emphasize the need of determining antimicrobial susceptibility in pig respiratory cases in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment in a case-by-case scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T04:46:01Z","timestamp":1594701961000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Porcine Respiratory Bacteria in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Vilar\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Sanejament Porc\u00ed, 25192 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Novell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Sanejament Porc\u00ed, 25192 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicens","family":"Enrique-Taranc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Sanejament Porc\u00ed, 25192 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Balielles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Sanejament Porc\u00ed, 25192 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Vilalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freelance researcher, Arbeca, 25192 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24006 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8980-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo Jos\u00e9","family":"Fraile Sauce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncia Animal, Escola T\u00e8cnica Superior d\u2019Enginyeria Agr\u00e0ria, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brogden, K.A., and Guthmiller, J.M. 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