{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:54:24Z","timestamp":1764053664492,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2015-65673-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2015-65673-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BLAAT ID: 67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BLAAT ID: 67"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCIN-2017-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIN-2017-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program of Science, Technology and Innovation 2018-2020 and FEDER EU funds, Principado de Asturias, Spain","award":["IDI\/2018\/000119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDI\/2018\/000119"]}]},{"name":"Proyecto Intramural CSIC","award":["201770E016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201770E016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen, causing a wide range of diseases. The increased frequency of MRSA isolates in hospitals and the emergence of vancomycin resistance have sparked the search for new control strategies. This study aimed to characterize sixty-seven MRSA isolates collected from both infected patients and asymptomatic carriers in a Spanish hospital. RAPD-PCR allowed the identification of six genetic patterns. We also investigated the presence of genes involved in producing adhesins, toxins and the capsule; the biofilm; and antimicrobial resistance. A notable percentage of the isolates carried virulence genes and showed medium-high ability to form biofilms. Next, we assessed the strains\u2019 susceptibility to two phages (phiIPLA-C1C and phiIPLA-RODI) and one endolysin (LysRODI). All strains were resistant to phiIPLA-C1C, and most (70.2%) were susceptible to phiIPLA-RODI. Regarding LysRODI, all strains displayed susceptibility, although to varying degrees. There was a correlation between endolysin susceptibility and the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profile or the presence of some virulence genes (fnbA, eta, etb, PVL and czr), but that was not observed with biofilm-forming ability, strain origin or phage sensitivity. Taken together, these findings can help to explain the factors influencing endolysin effectiveness, which will contribute to the development of efficient therapies targeting MRSA infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1595824790000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of Clinical MRSA Isolates from Northern Spain and Assessment of Their Susceptibility to Phage-Derived Antimicrobials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DairySafe Group, Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo R\u00edo Linares s\/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Wernecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-120 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DairySafe Group, Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo R\u00edo Linares s\/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital San Agust\u00edn, Avil\u00e9s, 33401 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DairySafe Group, Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo R\u00edo Linares s\/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Agust\u00edn, Avil\u00e9s, 33401 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital San Agust\u00edn, Avil\u00e9s, 33401 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital San Agust\u00edn, Avil\u00e9s, 33401 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1213-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DairySafe Group, Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo R\u00edo Linares s\/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DairySafe Group, Instituto de Productos L\u00e1cteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo R\u00edo Linares s\/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042711-140023","article-title":"Staphylococcal infections: Mechanisms of biofilm maturation and detachment as critical determinants of pathogenicity","volume":"64","author":"Otto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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