{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1793093665955,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ekhaga Foundation (Stockholm, Sweden)","award":["2017-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combretum padoides Engl. &amp; Diels, C. psidioides Welv. and C. zeyheri Sond. are used for the treatment of infections and tuberculosis related symptoms in African traditional medicine. In order to verify these uses, extracts were screened for their growth inhibitory effects against M. smegmatis ATCC 14468. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC\/QTOF-MS) and GC-MS were used to investigate the polyphenolic composition in the active extracts. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 625 \u00b5g\/mL, was shown by a methanol extract of the stem bark of C. psidioides. A butanol extract of C. psidioides gave large inhibition zone diameters (IZD 21 mm) and inhibited 84% of the mycobacterial growth at 312 \u00b5g\/mL. Combretastatin B-2 and dihydrostilbene derivatives were present in the methanol extract of C. psidioides, whereas the butanol extract of this species contained punicalagin, corilagin, and sanguiin H-4. Methanol and butanol extracts of the stem bark of C. padoides gave large inhibition zone diameters (IZD 26.5 mm) and MIC values of 1250 and 2500 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. C. padoides contained an ellagitannin with a mass identical to punicalagin ([M-H]\u2212 1083.0587) and a corilagin like derivative ([M-H]\u2212 633.0750) as well as ellagic acid arabinoside and methyl ellagic acid xyloside. A butanol extract of the roots of C. zeyheri showed mild antimycobacterial activity and contained a gallotannin at m\/z [M-H]\u2212 647.0894 as the main compound along with punicalagin and three unknown ellagitannins at m\/z [M-H]\u2212 763.0788, 765.0566, and 817.4212. Our results indicate that the studied species of Combretum contain phenolic and polyphenolic compounds with possible potential as leads for antimycobacterial drugs or as adjuvants for conventional anti-TB drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1596080198000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["HPLC-DAD and UHPLC\/QTOF-MS Analysis of Polyphenols in Extracts of the African Species Combretum padoides, C. zeyheri and C. psidioides Related to Their Antimycobacterial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pia","family":"Fyhrquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enass Y. A.","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Forest Products and Industries, Shambat Campus, SUD-13314, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"Helenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Into","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Julkunen-Tiitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). 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