{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:20:35Z","timestamp":1790882435950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Program on Key Research Project of China","award":["(2017YFC1600103; 2018YFD0500501; SQ2019YFE010999)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2017YFC1600103; 2018YFD0500501; SQ2019YFE010999)"]}]},{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["861917 \u2013 SAFFI,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861917 \u2013 SAFFI,"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["(LR19C180001)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(LR19C180001)"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["(2020C02032)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2020C02032)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208\/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69\/311), animals (8%; 25\/311), and the environment (3%; 9\/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T09:41:01Z","timestamp":1601458861000},"page":"660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silpak","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences &amp; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Nanning 530007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3834-8523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elbediwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences &amp; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Cairo 11435, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences &amp; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences &amp; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01730-06","article-title":"Salmonella: From pathogenesis to therapeutics","volume":"189","author":"Boyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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