{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:51:46Z","timestamp":1788187906860,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hibiscus schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook.f. (Malvaceae) is an ornamental plant. The aim was to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In vitro antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of the 70% ethanolic extract (Et-E) of the aerial parts of the plant were determined. The Dichloromethane Fraction (DCM-F) and the n-Butanol Fraction (Bu-F) were assessed using Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The DCM-F showed higher antiviral activities against Coxsackie B4 (CoxB4) viruses (IC50 = 64.13 \u00b5g\/mL) and adenoviruses (IC50 = 54.88 \u00b5g\/mL) than acyclovir (IC50 = 72.79 \u00b5g\/mL for CoxB4 viruses; IC50 = 91.92 \u00b5g\/mL for adenoviruses). The DCM-F showed higher anti-helicobacter pylori activity (MIC = 3.9 \u00b5g\/mL) than clarithromycin (MIC = 1.95 \u00b5g\/mL). The DCM-F inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type I (IC50 = 29.85 \u00b5g\/mL) and HSV Type II (IC50 = 74.17 \u00b5g\/mL). The Bu-F showed higher anti-mycobacterial activity (MIC = 7.81 \u00b5g\/mL) than isoniazid (MIC = 0.24 \u00b5g\/mL) and higher antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)(MIC = 7.81 \u00b5g\/mL) than vancomycin (MIC = 3.9 \u00b5g\/mL). Antioxidant assays included total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 2,2\u2032-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and iron reducing power. The Bu-F showed the highest antioxidant activity. Chemical profiles were analyzed using HPLC-HR\u2013ESI\u2013MS to identify the metabolites responsible for these biological activities. We identified more than 60 metabolites that belong to anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenes, sterols, and fatty acids. In conclusion, Hibiscusschizopetalus is endowed with metabolites that could be used against viruses and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. They can also be potent antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1604050172000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Novel Antiviral and Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus schizopetalus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham A.","family":"El-Shiekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usama Ramadan","family":"Abdelmohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City 61111, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam M.","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehab M.","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0559-6","article-title":"Review on plant antimicrobials: A mechanistic viewpoint","volume":"8","author":"Khameneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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