{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:39:03Z","timestamp":1791085143773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Christian Hansen AS (Copenhagen)","award":["SC-2019-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC-2019-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics have been shown to bind to host receptors, which are important for pathogen adhesion and induce the host\u2019s production of defence factors. They can activate the goblet-cell-derived production of mucins, a major component of the mucus layer and a physical barrier participating in limiting the proximity of microorganisms to the epithelial layer. In the last decade, Bacillus spp. strains have gained interest in human and animal health due to their tolerance and stability under gastrointestinal tract conditions. Moreover, Bacillus spp. strains can also produce various antimicrobial peptides that can support their use as commercial probiotic supplements and functional foods. The present study aimed to evaluate and determine the ability of selected Bacillus spp. strains to inhibit the growth of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and to reduce binding of ETEC F4 to HT29-16E (mucus-secreting and goblet-like) human intestinal cells. Moreover, mucus production in the HT29 cells in the presence of the Bacillus spp. strains was quantified by ELISA. Bacillus spp. strains (CHCC 15076, CHCC 15516, CHCC 15541, and CHCC 16872) significantly inhibited the growth of ETEC F4. Moreover, the ability of the probiotic Bacillus spp. strains to stimulate mucin release was highly strain dependent. The treatment with Bacillus subtilis CHCC 15541 resulted in a significant increase of both MUC2 and MUC3 in HT29-16E cells. Therefore, this strain could be an up-and-coming candidate for developing commercial probiotic supplements to prevent infections caused by ETEC F4 and, potentially, other pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1606468609000},"page":"849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Mucus Induction Properties of Selected Bacillus Strains against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Bravo Santano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW154JD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Juncker Boll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Innovation, Chr. Hansen A\/S, 2970 H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Catrine Capern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Innovation, Chr. Hansen A\/S, 2970 H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz Maciej","family":"Cieplak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Innovation, Chr. Hansen A\/S, 2970 H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enver","family":"Keleszade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW154JD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Letek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3185-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW154JD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302504","article-title":"An update on the use and investigation of probiotics in health and disease","volume":"62","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anad\u00f3n, A., Ares, I., Mart\u00ednez-Larra\u00f1aga, M.R., and Aranzazu-Mart\u00ednez, M. 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