{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:56:08Z","timestamp":1780581368086,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 71 patients with Lyme disease were identified for analysis in whom treatment with disulfiram was initiated between 15 March 2017 and 15 March 2020. Four patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 67 evaluable patients. Our retrospective review found patients to fall into a \u201chigh-dose\u201d group (\u22654 mg\/kg\/day) and a \u201clow-dose\u201d group (&lt;4 mg\/kg\/day). In total, 62 of 67 (92.5%) patients treated with disulfiram were able to endorse a net benefit of the treatment with regard to their symptoms. Moreover, 12 of 33 (36.4%) patients who completed one or two courses of \u201chigh-dose\u201d therapy enjoyed an \u201cenduring remission\u201d, defined as remaining clinically well for \u22656 months without further anti-infective treatment. The most common adverse reactions from disulfiram treatment in the high-dose group were fatigue (66.7%), psychiatric symptoms (48.5%), peripheral neuropathy (27.3%), and mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes (15.2%). We observed that although patients on high dose experienced a higher risk for adverse reactions than those on a low dose, high-dose patients were significantly more likely to achieve enduring remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:59:00Z","timestamp":1607083140000},"page":"868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["\u201cRepurposing\u201d Disulfiram in the Treatment of Lyme Disease and Babesiosis: Retrospective Review of First 3 Years\u2019 Experience in One Medical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaodi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CT Integrated Pain Consultants, LLC, 60 Katona Drive, Suite 25, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Montesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.C. Lyme Borreliosis &amp; Related Disorders, 592 Route 22, Suite 1B, Pawling, NY 12564, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Glazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.C. Lyme Borreliosis &amp; Related Disorders, 592 Route 22, Suite 1B, Pawling, NY 12564, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Liegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.C. Lyme Borreliosis &amp; Related Disorders, 592 Route 22, Suite 1B, Pawling, NY 12564, USA"},{"name":"Northwell System, Northern Westchester Hospital Center, Mount Kisco, NY 10549, USA"},{"name":"Nuvance Health System, Sharon Hospital, Sharon, CT 06069, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020, October 21). 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