{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:21:41Z","timestamp":1787728901482,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Belgian Federal Public Service, Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment","award":["RF17\/6313 (MALDIRESP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF17\/6313 (MALDIRESP)"]}]},{"name":"Animal Health Service-Flanders","award":["Veepeiler Project 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Veepeiler Project 2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hercules project G0H2516N (AUGE\/15\/05)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hercules project G0H2516N (AUGE\/15\/05)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen causing mostly pneumonia in calves and mastitis in dairy cattle. In the absence of an effective vaccine, antimicrobial therapy remains the main control measure. Antimicrobial use in veal calves is substantially higher than in conventional herds, but whether veal calves also harbor more resistant M. bovis strains is currently unknown. Therefore, we compared antimicrobial susceptibility test results of M. bovis isolates from different cattle sectors and genomic clusters. The minimum inhibitory concentration of nine antimicrobials was determined for 141 Belgian M. bovis isolates (29 dairy, 69 beef, 12 mixed, 31 veal farms), and was used to estimate the epidemiological cut-off. Acquired resistance was frequently observed for the macrolides, while no acquired resistance to oxytetracycline and doxycycline, minimal acquired resistance to florfenicol and tiamulin, and a limited acquired resistance to enrofloxacin was seen. M. bovis isolates from beef cattle or genomic cluster III had higher odds of being gamithromycin-resistant than those from dairy cattle or genomic clusters IV and V. In this study, no cattle industry could be identified as source of resistant M. bovis strains. A single guideline for antimicrobial use for M. bovis infections, with a small remark for gamithromycin, is likely sufficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T09:17:58Z","timestamp":1607505478000},"page":"882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates from Veal, Dairy and Beef Herds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"Bokma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linde","family":"Gille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"De Bleecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service-Flanders, Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozefien","family":"Callens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service-Flanders, Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddy","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Pardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-6880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Boyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12860","article-title":"Gap analysis of Mycoplasma bovis disease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements","volume":"65","author":"Calcutt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. 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