{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:27Z","timestamp":1787027487924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in cancer; and methods to measure ROS. We conclude that improving genetic screening methods and bringing higher clarity in determination of enzymatic pathways and scale-up in cancer models profiling, using omics technology, would support in-depth understanding of antioxidant pathways and ROS complexities. Although numerous methods for ROS detection are developing very rapidly, yet further modifications are required to minimize the limitations associated with currently available methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1611032131000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shivkanya","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vetriselvan","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundram","family":"Karupiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathiresan","family":"Sathasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan","family":"Meenakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan Seng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3022-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendran","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Chitranshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Maquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2874-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishabha","family":"Malviya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1123-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalvatala","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj Kumar","family":"Fuloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Lu, Y., Saredy, J., Wang, X., Drummer IV, C., Shao, Y., Saaoud, F., Xu, K., Liu, M., and Yang, W.Y. 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