{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:33:25Z","timestamp":1787027605679,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nature Cell","award":["#550-20170028, #550-20200076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#550-20170028, #550-20200076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is a major cause of damage to the quantity and quality of embryos produced in vitro. Antioxidants are usually supplemented to protect embryos from the suboptimal in vitro culture (IVC) environment. Amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have emerged as a promising regenerative therapy, and their paracrine factors with anti-oxidative effects are present in AMSC conditioned medium (CM). We examined the anti-oxidative potential of human AMSC-CM treatment during IVC on mouse preimplantation embryo development and antioxidant gene expression in the forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway. AMSC-CM (10%) was optimal for overall preimplantation embryo developmental processes and upregulated the expression of FoxOs and their downstream antioxidants in blastocysts (BL). Subsequently, compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC)-CM, AMSC-CM enhanced antioxidant gene expression and intracellular GSH levels in the BL. Total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity were greater in AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Furthermore, SOD and catalase were more active in culture medium supplemented with AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Lastly, the anti-apoptotic effect of AMSC-CM was observed with the regulation of apoptosis-related genes and mitochondrial membrane potential in BL. In conclusion, the present study established AMSC-CM treatment at an optimal concentration as a novel antioxidant intervention for assisted reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1612914196000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of Anti-Oxidative Effect of Human Adipose- and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kihae","family":"Ra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ju","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research and Development Center, MKbiotech Co., Ltd., 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute, R Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul 08506, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-6363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Keun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute, R Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul 08506, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Chan","family":"Ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute, R Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul 08506, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6821-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Chang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu040","article-title":"IVF culture media: Past, present and future","volume":"21","author":"Chronopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. 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