{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T15:14:15Z","timestamp":1760800455593,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Arterial hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure and peripheral vascular disease. In the last decade, milk-derived bioactive peptides have attracted attention for their beneficial cardiovascular properties. Methods: Here, we combined in vitro chemical assay such as LC-MS\/MS analysis of buffalo ice cream, ex vivo vascular studies evaluating endothelial and smooth muscle responses using pressure myograph, and translational assay testing in vivo the vascular actions of PG1 administration in murine models. Results: We demonstrate that a novel buffalo ice-cream-derived pentapeptide \u201cQKEPM\u201d, namely PG1, is a stable peptide that can be obtained at higher concentration after gastro-intestinal digestions (GID) of buffalo ice-cream (BIC). It owns potent vascular effect in counteract the effects of angiotensin II-evoked vasoconstriction and high blood pressure levels. Its effects are mediated by the inhibitory effect on AT1 receptor leading to a downregulation of p-ERK\u00bd\/Rac1-GTP and consequent reduction of oxidative stress. Conclusions: These results strongly candidate PG1, as a novel bioactive peptide for the prevention and management of hypertension, thus expanding the armamentarium of preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and progression of hypertension and its related cardiovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T22:13:10Z","timestamp":1615759990000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Novel Vasoactive Peptide \u201cPG1\u201d from Buffalo Ice-Cream Protects from Angiotensin-Evoked High Blood Pressure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2689-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albino","family":"Carrizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela Giovanna","family":"Basilicata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasper K.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"},{"name":"Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica Di","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Damato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D\u2019Aragona\u201d, via S. Leonardo, 1, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-4241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Musella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0578-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Di","family":"Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3715-8680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Ostacolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1069-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Campiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Vecchione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.10.013","article-title":"Risk-Factor Clustering and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hypertensive Patients","volume":"20","author":"Weycker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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