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The molecular mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide exerts its action involves the posttranslational modification of cysteine residues to form a persulfidated thiol motif. We developed a comparative and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis approach for the detection of endogenous persulfidated proteins in N-starved Arabidopsis thaliana roots by using the tag-switch method. In this work, we identified 5214 unique proteins from root tissue that were persulfidated, 1674 of which were quantitatively analyzed and found to show altered persulfidation levels in vivo under N deprivation. These proteins represented almost 13% of the entire annotated proteome in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that persulfidated proteins were involved in a wide range of biological functions, regulating important processes such as primary metabolism, plant responses to stresses, growth and development, RNA translation and protein degradation. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to obtain a comprehensive view of hydrogen sulfide signaling via changes in the persulfidation levels of key protein targets involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and autophagy, among others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T15:42:19Z","timestamp":1616600539000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Nitrogen Starvation in Arabidopsis Root Reveals New Aspects of H2S Signaling by Protein Persulfidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Jurado-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica Vegetal y Fotos\u00edntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-4813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis C.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica Vegetal y Fotos\u00edntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4272-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Gotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica Vegetal y Fotos\u00edntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.03.003","article-title":"Gasotransmitters: Growing pains and joys","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. 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