{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:56:38Z","timestamp":1788026198224,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1B07045460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07045460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A6A1A10072987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A1A10072987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anthocyanin-enriched polyphenols from the flower petals of H. syriacus L. (Malvaceae, AHs) possess anti-septic shock, anti-oxidant, and anti-melanogenic properties. However, whether AHs positively or negatively regulate ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated photoaging and photodamage remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of AHs against UVB-induced damage. We examined the photoprotective effects of AHs on UVB-induced apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). AHs prevented UVB irradiation-induced apoptosis of HaCaT keratinocytes by inhibiting caspase activation and ROS production. Moreover, AHs restored the survival rate and the hatchability of UVB-irradiated zebrafish larvae without any abnormalities. Furthermore, AHs inhibited UVB-induced ER stress, resulting in a decrease in mtROS production via the stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that AHs inhibit UVB-induced apoptosis by downregulating total cytosolic ROof cytosolic CaS and ER-mediated mitoROS production in both HaCaT keratinocytes and zebrafish larvae. These findings provide evidence for the applications of AHs to protect skin from UVB-induced photodamage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T10:05:21Z","timestamp":1617962721000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Protective Effect of Anthocyanin-Enriched Polyphenols from Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wisurumuni Arachchilage Hasitha Maduranga","family":"Karunarathne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilandarage Menu Neelaka","family":"Molagoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Tae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju 52817, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1454-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Mi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioresources Industrialization Support Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.029","article-title":"Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions","volume":"107","author":"Schuch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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