{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:41:49Z","timestamp":1785364909955,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastric ulceration is among the most serious humanpublic health problems. Olea europea L. cv. Arbequina is one of the numerous olive varieties which have scarcely been studied. The reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the olive plant make it a potential prophylactic natural product against gastric ulcers. Consequently, the main goal of this study is to investigate the gastroprotective effect of Olea europea L. cv. Arbequina leaf extract. LC-HRMS-based metabolic profiling of the alcoholic extract of Olea europea L. cv. Arbequina led to the dereplication of 18 putative compounds (1\u201318). In vivo indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model was established and the Olea europea extract was tested at a dose of 300 mg kg\u22121 compared to cimetidine (100 mg kg\u22121). The assessment of gastric mucosal lesions and histopathology of gastric tissue was done. It has been proved that Olea europea significantly decreased the ulcer index and protected the mucosa from lesions. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated using three in vitro assays, H2O2 scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and superoxide radical scavenging activities and showed promising activities. Moreover, an in silico based study was performed on the putatively dereplicated compounds, which highlighted that 3-hydroxy tyrosol (4) and oleacein (18) can target the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme (5-LOX) as a protective mechanism against the pathogenesis of ulceration. Upon experimental validation, both compounds 3-hydroxy tyrosol (HT) and oleacein (OC) (4 and 18, respectively) exhibited a significant in vitro 5-LOX inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 8.6 and 5.8 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The present study suggested a possible implication of O. europea leaves as a potential candidate having gastroprotective, antioxidant, and 5-LOX inhibitory activity for the management of gastric ulcers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T13:59:14Z","timestamp":1619099954000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Antiulcer Potential of Olea europea L. cv. Arbequina Leaf Extract Supported by Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0979-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arafa","family":"Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nourhan Hisham","family":"Shady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia 61111, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3336-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa R.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taghreed S.","family":"Alnusaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1442-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam F.","family":"Alowaiesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Sabouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Al-Sanea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab M.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khayrya A.","family":"Youssif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11371, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia H.","family":"Abu-Baih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia 61111, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Elrehany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia 61111, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usama Ramadan","family":"Abdelmohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia 61111, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-016-2726-9","article-title":"A review: Benefit and bioactive properties of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves","volume":"243","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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