{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:27:56Z","timestamp":1785130076704,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1C1C1003558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1C1C1003558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A6A3A01091754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A3A01091754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M3A9C4000960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3A9C4000960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was designed to determine whether \u03b1-humulene, a major constituent in many plants used in fragrances, has a protective role against gastric injury in vivo and in vitro. A rat model of hydrochloric acid (HCl)\/ethanol-induced gastritis and human mast cells (HMC-1) were used to investigate the mucosal protective effect of \u03b1-humulene. \u03b1-Humulene significantly inhibited gastric lesions in HCl\/ethanol-induced acute gastritis and decreased gastric acid secretion pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers in vivo. In addition, \u03b1-humulene reduced the amount of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde through upregulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In HMC-1 cells, \u03b1-humulene decreased intracellular calcium and increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, resulting in low histamine levels. \u03b1-Humulene also reduced the expression levels of cytokine genes such as interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by downregulating nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) nuclear translocation. Finally, \u03b1-humulene upregulated the expression levels of mucin 5AC (Muc5ac), Muc6, trefoil factor 1 (Tff1), trefoil factor 2 (Tff2), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr). \u03b1-Humulene may attenuate HCl\/ethanol-induced gastritis by inhibiting histamine release and NF-\u03baB activation and stimulating antioxidants and mucosal protective factors, particularly Muc5ac and Muc6. Therefore, these data suggest that \u03b1-humulene is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of stress-induced or alcoholic gastritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T10:20:36Z","timestamp":1620728436000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Humulene Inhibits Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury by Enhancing Mucosal Integrity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dahee","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, College of Pharmacy and Inje, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae 621749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, College of Pharmacy and Inje, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae 621749, Korea"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Seul","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, College of Pharmacy and Inje, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae 621749, Korea"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.12.008","article-title":"Staging and grading of chronic gastritis","volume":"36","author":"Rugge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2011-0032","article-title":"Carotenoid lutein protects rats from gastric ulcer induced by ethanol","volume":"23","author":"Sindhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(85)80176-1","article-title":"Early vascular injury and increased vascular permeability in gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol in the rat","volume":"88","author":"Szabo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000007821","article-title":"Relationship between ethanol-induced gastritis and gastric ulcer formation in rats","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/13556219871967","article-title":"Gastritis in the alcoholic: Relationship to gastric alcohol metabolism and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"3","author":"Lieber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.118","article-title":"The aqueous extract from Artemisia capillaris inhibits acute gastric mucosal injury by inhibition of ROS and NF-kB","volume":"99","author":"Yeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"35","article-title":"Relationship between mast cells\/parietal cells and maximal\/basal acid output ratio in chronic gastritis","volume":"200","author":"Biernacka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i18.2262","article-title":"Preventive effects of geranylgeranylacetone on rat ethanol-induced gastritis","volume":"18","author":"Ning","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90604-X","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats","volume":"94","author":"Oates","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000198","article-title":"Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs","volume":"28","author":"Montejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1263","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide in human urine: Implications for antioxidant defense and redox regulation","volume":"262","author":"Long","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3090","article-title":"TFF2, a MUC6-binding lectin stabilizing the gastric mucus barrier and more (Review)","volume":"47","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19455","article-title":"Acid transport through channels in the mucous layer of rat stomach","volume":"119","author":"Johansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.09.001","article-title":"Pharmacological and alimentary alteration of the gastric barrier","volume":"28","author":"Boltin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1203","article-title":"Trefoil factors: Initiators of mucosal healing","volume":"4","author":"Taupin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0855-9","article-title":"Mucus and Mucins: Do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus?","volume":"14","author":"Mall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-3016-8","article-title":"Gastric mucosal protection via enhancement of MUC5AC and MUC6 by geranylgeranylacetone","volume":"50","author":"Nam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i12.3223","article-title":"Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Aamann","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.035600","article-title":"Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.6.792","article-title":"Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa","volume":"47","author":"Longman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7100.2007","article-title":"Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3","volume":"55","author":"Madsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.05.024","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression analysis of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.10.021","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of beta-caryophyllene, beta-caryophyllene oxide and alpha-humulene on the activities of the main drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat and human liver in vitro","volume":"278","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00177.x","article-title":"Preventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene alpha-humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammation","volume":"158","author":"Rogerio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707270","article-title":"Effect of two active compounds obtained from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS in the rat paw","volume":"151","author":"Medeiros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.12.0005","article-title":"Potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel","volume":"59","author":"Legault","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.189089","article-title":"Antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of the fresh leaf essential oil of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)","volume":"79","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3728-x","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of the essential oil from Ostericum viridiflorum (Turcz.) Kitagawa in control of stored product insects","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(54)80008-4","article-title":"A quantitative method for measuring spontaneous gastric secretion in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Shay","year":"1954","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(98)00080-9","article-title":"Regulation of human mast cell and basophil function by cAMP","volume":"31","author":"Weston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7450","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i47.7450","article-title":"Increased susceptibility of ethanol-treated gastric mucosa to naproxen and its inhibition by DA-9601, an Artemisia asiatica extract","volume":"11","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"G395","article-title":"Experimental models of gastric ulceration and injury","volume":"255","author":"Silen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"251","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastroenteropathy","volume":"69","author":"Lanas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. Mex."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.032","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the essential oil and active compounds from Cordia verbenacea","volume":"110","author":"Passos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.04.059","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea","volume":"569","author":"Fernandes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1545842","article-title":"Antitumor Properties of the leaf essential oil of Zornia brasiliensis","volume":"81","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2008.00561.x","article-title":"Antiproliferative effects of essential oils and their major constituents in human renal adenocarcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cells","volume":"41","author":"Loizzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110830","article-title":"Alpha-Humulene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through the inhibition of Akt signaling","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2020-0004","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of alpha-humulene against Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"66","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071395","article-title":"Reversion by histamine H2-receptor antagonists of plasma membrane alterations in ethanol-induced gastritis","volume":"41","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.036004233.x","article-title":"A fluorometric microassay for histamine release from human gingival mast cells","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shore, P.A. (1971). The chemical determination of histamine. Methods Biochem. Anal., 89\u201397.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470110409.ch3"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.035","article-title":"Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis","volume":"124","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3690","article-title":"Mast cell secretory granules: Armed for battle","volume":"14","author":"Wernersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(96)00186-3","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of caffeine on Ca2+ influx and histamine secretion independent of cAMP in rat peritoneal mast cells","volume":"28","author":"Teraoka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"419","article-title":"Dosimetric Predictors of Radiation Gastritis Due to Postoperative Intensity Modulated Irradiation Therapy in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radical Esophagectomy","volume":"34","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biother. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01706435","article-title":"Oxygen-derived free radical scavengers protect patients against the complications of erosive gastritis","volume":"18","author":"Salim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intens. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-Suarez, J.M., Dekanski, D., Ristic, S., Radonjic, N.V., Petronijevic, N.D., Giampieri, F., Astolfi, P., Gonzalez-Paramas, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., and Tulipani, S. (2011). Strawberry polyphenols attenuate ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats by activation of antioxidant enzymes and attenuation of MDA increase. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025878"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(05)80005-6","article-title":"Cytokine production by mast cells and basophils","volume":"3","author":"Galli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350410001664789","article-title":"Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 are not increased in dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis","volume":"13","author":"Bayraktaroglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of Lindera erythrocarpa essential oil in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells","volume":"16","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajrezaie, M., Golbabapour, S., Hassandarvish, P., Gwaram, N.S., AH, A.H., Mohd Ali, H., Majid, N., and Abdulla, M.A. (2012). Acute toxicity and gastroprotection studies of a new schiff base derived copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051537"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i19.3119","article-title":"Expression of trefoil factors 1 and 2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i8.1772","article-title":"Role of TFF in healing of stress-induced gastric lesions","volume":"9","author":"Nie","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"489","article-title":"Intestinal MUC2 and gastric M1\/MUC5AC in preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat: A sequential analysis","volume":"30","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015487","article-title":"Aberrant epithelial expression of trefoil family factor 2 and mucin 6 in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric antrum, incisura, and body and its association with antralisation","volume":"57","author":"Xia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12103034","article-title":"Chemopreventive Potential of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes: An Overview of Preliminary Evidence","volume":"12","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020633","article-title":"Potentiation of Low-Dose Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity by Affecting P-Glycoprotein through Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes in HepG2 Cells: An in Vitro and in Silico Study","volume":"21","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22362-1","article-title":"Zerumbone reduces proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells by inhibition of TNF-alpha","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/10\/5\/761\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:59:15Z","timestamp":1760162355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/10\/5\/761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox10050761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10050761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]}}}