{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:20:06Z","timestamp":1790061606047,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cFrom 0 to 1\u201d Original Innovation Project, the Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program, CAS","award":["ZDBS-LY-SLH027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDBS-LY-SLH027"]}]},{"name":"NSF China Grants","award":["21836005, 22021003, 92043301, 21777180, 21577149, 21621064, 21377158, 21976199, 22006050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21836005, 22021003, 92043301, 21777180, 21577149, 21621064, 21377158, 21976199, 22006050"]}]},{"name":"NSFC cultivation project of Jining Medical University","award":["JYP201726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYP201726"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of Jining Medical University","award":["JYFC2018KJ061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYFC2018KJ061"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["KF2020-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF2020-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its structurally-related caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA) and ethyl ferulate (EF) are constituents of honeybee propolis that have important pharmacological activities. This study found that CAPE\u2014but not CA, FA, and EF\u2014could effectively prevent cellular DNA damage induced by overloaded iron through decreasing the labile iron pool (LIP) levels in HeLa cells. Interestingly, CAPE was found to be more effective than CA in protecting against plasmid DNA damage induced by Fe(II)\u2013H2O2 or Fe(III)\u2013citrate\u2013ascorbate-H2O2 via the inhibition of hydroxyl radical (\u2022OH) production. We further provided more direct and unequivocal experimental evidences for the formation of inactive CAPE\/CA\u2013iron complexes. CAPE was found to have a stronger iron-binding ability and a much higher lipophilicity than CA. Taken together, we propose that the esterification of the carboxylic moiety with phenethyl significantly enhanced the iron-binding ability and lipophilicity of CAPE, which is also responsible for its potent protection against iron-mediated cellular DNA damage. A study on the iron coordination mechanism of such natural polyphenol antioxidants will help to design more effective antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by metal-induced oxidative stress, as well as help to understand the structure\u2013activity relationships of these compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1621340236000},"page":"798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Caffeic Acid Phenyl Ester (CAPE) Protects against Iron-Mediated Cellular DNA Damage through Its Strong Iron-Binding Ability and High Lipophilicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0488-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu-Ying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Guo","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben-Zhan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Joint Institute for Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University, Beijing 100085\/Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0733","article-title":"Iron and Cancer Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence","volume":"23","author":"Jakszyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. 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