{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:01:56Z","timestamp":1790427716810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nexmos Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea","award":["For Antioxidants Journal of research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["For Antioxidants Journal of research"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by eczemous lesions on the skin that manifest as severe itching and last a long time. AD is thought to be a response to local allergens, including house dust mites (HDMs). Aptamin C is a modified form of vitamin C comprised of aptamers (DNA fragments) that bind specifically to vitamin C and inhibit its oxidation, thereby increasing its stability and antioxidant effects. It is already known that vitamin C shows an anti-inflammatory effect on skin inflammation. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of inflammatory diseases, including HDM-induced skin inflammation, suggesting that the antioxidant activity of Aptamin C could regulate inflammatory responses to HDMs in the skin keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and primary skin keratinocytes. Aptamin C not only inhibited HDM-induced proliferation of both type of cells, but suppressed HDM-induced increases in interleukin (IL)-1\u03b1 and IL-6 production by these cells. In addition, Aptamin C suppressed the production of IL-17 and IL-22 by T cells, which are closely associated with AD pathogenesis, as well as HDM-induced IL-22R\u03b1 expression. Aptamin C also reduced the production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by suppressing the interaction between IL-22 and IL-22R\u03b1, as well as reducing T cell migration. Although HDM treatment markedly increased the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is associated with itching in AD skin lesions, this increase was reduced by Aptamin C treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that Aptamin C can effectively regulate inflammatory lesions, such as AD, by regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines and GDNF induced by HDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1623415477000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Aptamin C on House Dust Mite Extract-Induced Inflammation in Keratinocytes via Regulation of IL-22 and GDNF Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dahae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejung","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheolhyeon","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwanjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 16824, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Seong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nexmos Co Ltd., U-Tower, 767, Sinsu-ro, Yongin-si 16827, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481","article-title":"Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis","volume":"347","author":"Ong","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. 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