{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:17:04Z","timestamp":1770333424123,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010774","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS-PI18\/00912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS-PI18\/00912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1\u03b1) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1\u03b1 and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:19:20Z","timestamp":1624015160000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0908-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Fraile-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cielo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8389-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Saez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence\u2014UAH Madrid, 28047 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Alvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Sainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence\u2014University of Alcal\u00e1, 28047 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melchor","family":"Alvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Immune System Diseases\u2014Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Bujan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"De Leon-Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio 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