{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:32:38Z","timestamp":1782268358831,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0164501-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0164501-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Menopause is a risk factor for depression. Although 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,3-diCQA), a phenolic compound in Arctium lappa (A. lappa) root, has various health benefits, its effects on menopausal depression remain to be determined. Therefore, this study investigates the antidepressant-like effects of 1,3-diCQA from an A. lappa root extract (AE) and the associated molecular mechanisms. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were orally administered AE for 20 weeks, following which depression-like behaviors were assessed. Although the mice exhibited depression-like behaviors, AE administration mitigated these symptoms by activating the ERK\u2013CREB\u2013BDNF pathway and increasing nNOS levels in the hippocampus. Similarly, a significant increase in nNOS-derived NO production and activation of the ERK\u2013CREB\u2013BDNF pathway was observed in the primary hippocampal neurons. Although this stimulatory effect of 1,3-diCQA was not significantly affected by treatment with estrogen receptor agonist or antagonist, it was inhibited by 7-NI, an nNOS inhibitor. Moreover, mice treated with 1,3-diCQA exhibited a marked improvement in their forced swimming test and tail suspension test immobility, while pretreatment with 7-NI reversed the antidepressant-like effects of 1,3-diCQA. Our results suggest that 1,3-diCQA regulates nNOS in an estrogen recepters-independent manner to increase NO production in OVX mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1628765681000},"page":"1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid as an Active Compound of Arctium lappa Root Extract Ameliorates Depressive-Like Behavior by Regulating Hippocampal Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Ovariectomized Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2386-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaekwang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Young","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.01.014","article-title":"Depression in women","volume":"54","author":"Noble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00432-9","article-title":"Hormones and mood: From menarche to menopause and beyond","volume":"74","author":"Steiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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