{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:47Z","timestamp":1787027507163,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P29608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P29608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P21162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P21162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003065","name":"University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Internal grants"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internal grants"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bilirubin is an important antioxidant and a modulator of biological functions. However, most of the protection against oxidative stress was shown in vitro or ex vivo. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether subjects with Gilbert\u2019s syndrome (GS) experience different levels of lipid and protein oxidation (as well as differences in oxidative stress related markers) compared to healthy controls. GS subjects (n = 119) demonstrated higher serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (p &lt; 0.001), a lower BMI (p &lt; 0.001), 37% higher antioxidant potential assessed as ferric reducing ability potential (p &lt; 0.001), higher advanced oxidation protein products (p &lt; 0.01) andlower apolipoprotein B (p &lt; 0.05), hs-C-reactive protein (p &lt; 0.05), interleukin 6 (p &lt; 0.001) and interleukin 1 beta (p &lt; 0.05) values compared to healthy controls (n = 119). Furthermore, the resting heart rate was significantly lower in the GS group (p &lt; 0.05). Stronger protective effects for GS subjects were demonstrated in the older subgroup (n = 104, average age 50 years) compared to those of the younger group (n = 134, average age 27 years). Although not all markers related to oxidative stress were different between the groups (e.g., malondialdehyde, homocysteine, oxLDL, and myeloperoxidase; p &gt; 0.05), the observed differences contribute to the explanation of why GS serves as an important protector in the pathogenesis of metabolic, oxidative stress related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1631707244000},"page":"1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Related Biomarkers in Gilbert\u2019s Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6003-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazlisadat","family":"Seyed Khoei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Doberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1772-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrig","family":"Marculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bulmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"H\u00f6rmann-Wallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, 8020 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"M\u00f6lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2018.1428526","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and contributors to Gilbert\u2019s syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. 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