{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:08:46Z","timestamp":1790435326465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic liver injury (NLI) is a common disease worldwide. Since free radical damage in the liver is a crucial initiator leading to diseases, scavenging excess free radicals has become an essential therapeutic strategy. To enhance the antioxidant capacity of histidine, we synthesized a protonated dimeric histidine, H-bihistidine, and investigated its anti-free radical potential in several free-radical-induced NLI. Results showed that H-bihistidine could strongly scavenge free radicals caused by H2O2, fatty acid, and CCl4, respectively, and recover cell viability in cultured hepatocytes. In the animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver injury caused by high-fat diet, H-bihistidine reduced the contents of transaminases and lipids in serum, eliminated the liver\u2019s fat accumulation, and decreased the oxidative damage. Moreover, H-bihistidine could rescue CCl4-induced liver injury and recover energy supply through scavenging free radicals. Moreover, liver fibrosis prepared by high-fat diet and CCl4 administration was significantly alleviated after H-bihistidine treatment. This study suggests a novel nonenzymatic free radical scavenger against NLI and, potentially, other free-radical-induced diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T10:39:20Z","timestamp":1632739160000},"page":"1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dimeric Histidine as a Novel Free Radical Scavenger Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zizhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.036","article-title":"Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Disease in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"156","author":"Castera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drescher, H.K., Weiskirchen, S., and Weiskirchen, R. 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