{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:29:05Z","timestamp":1785446945712,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing evidence indicates that changes in the redox system may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple optic neuropathies. Optic neuropathies are characterized by the neurodegeneration of the inner-most retinal neurons, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and their axons, which form the optic nerve. Often, optic neuropathies are asymptomatic until advanced stages, when visual impairment or blindness is unavoidable despite existing treatments. In this review, we describe systemic and, whenever possible, ocular redox dysregulations observed in patients with glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, hereditary optic neuropathies (i.e., Leber\u2019s hereditary optic neuropathy and autosomal dominant optic atrophy), nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies, and optic disc drusen. We discuss aspects related to anti\/oxidative stress biomarkers that need further investigation and features related to study design that should be optimized to generate more valuable and comparable results. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in optic neuropathies can serve to develop therapeutic strategies directed at the redox system to arrest the neurodegenerative processes in the retina and RGCs and ultimately prevent vision loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T12:29:14Z","timestamp":1632832154000},"page":"1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Oxidative Stress in Optic Neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Berta","family":"Sanz-Morello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7143-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarkis","family":"Saruhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9480-2386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine Karla","family":"Freude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4318-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Kolko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Glaucoma: A Review on the Topics Open-Angle Glaucoma and Angle-Closure Glaucoma. 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