{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:01:18Z","timestamp":1790269278635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-2314-B-303-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2314-B-303-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009383","name":"Tzu Chi University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMRC-P-107009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMRC-P-107009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To identify the core structure of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) responsible for the anti-oxidative and protective effect on the ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R)-induced heart injury, various 2-APB analogues were analyzed, and several antioxidant assays were performed. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Myocardial infarct size was quantified using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and cleaved-caspase-3 protein were evaluated as an indicator for the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect, respectively. Our data show that 2-APB, diphenylborinic anhydride (DPBA) and 3-(diphenylphosphino)-1-propylamine (DP3A) all exerted the anti-oxidative activity, but only 2-APB and DPBA can scavenge H2O2. 2-APB and DPBA can potently inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and hypoxanthine\/xanthine oxidase (HX\/XOD)-induced increases in intracellular H2O2 and H9c2 cell death. 2-APB and DPBA were able to decrease the I\/R-induced adult rat cardiomyocytes death, myocardial infarct size, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Our results suggest that the two benzene rings with a boron atom comprise the core structure of 2-APB responsible for the anti-oxidative effect mediated through the reaction with H2O2 and generation of phenolic compounds, which in turn reduced the I\/R-induced oxidative stress and injury in the rat heart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1634894289000},"page":"1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Two Benzene Rings with a Boron Atom Comprise the Core Structure of 2-APB Responsible for the Anti-Oxidative and Protective Effect on the Ischemia\/Reperfusion-Induced Rat Heart Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yan-Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jhih","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Sen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Yu-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chia","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program in Physiological and Anatomical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-Ta","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307855","article-title":"Reducing myocardial infarct size: Challenges and future opportunities","volume":"102","author":"Bulluck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.5.1124","article-title":"Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium","volume":"74","author":"Murry","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H579","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01064.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of myocardial injury by ischemic postconditioning during reperfusion: Comparison with ischemic preconditioning","volume":"285","author":"Zhao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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