{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:47:38Z","timestamp":1790952458943,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research ( MIUR )","award":["\u201cProgramma Operativo Nazionale (PON) Ricerca e Innovazione 2014\u20132020\u201d, Asse I \u201cCapitale Umano,\u201d Azione I.2 A.I.M, \u201cAttrazio-ne e mobilita dei ricercatori,\u201d Linea 1 (Mobilit\u00e0 dei Ricercatori)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cProgramma Operativo Nazionale (PON) Ricerca e Innovazione 2014\u20132020\u201d, Asse I \u201cCapitale Umano,\u201d Azione I.2 A.I.M, \u201cAttrazio-ne e mobilita dei ricercatori,\u201d Linea 1 (Mobilit\u00e0 dei Ricercatori)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is characterized by a pro-oxidant state that results from the recurrent hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, could represent a reliable marker to monitor the antioxidant defences in OSA. In order to capture and critically appraise the available evidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting SOD concentrations in OSA patients and non-OSA controls in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. In total, 13 studies in 847 OSA patients and 438 non-OSA controls were included in the meta-analysis. Blood SOD concentrations were significantly lower in OSA patients (SMD = 0.87, p &lt; 0.001). By contrast, serum\/plasma SOD concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. Although extreme between-study heterogeneity was observed, the SMD was not substantially modified when individual studies were sequentially removed. In conclusion, we observed that whole blood, but not serum\/plasma, SOD concentrations were significantly lower in OSA patients compared with controls. Our meta-analysis suggests an impaired antioxidant defence in OSA that is more robustly assessed in the corpuscular biological matrix and provides useful background information for further studies investigating the association between SOD changes and clinical status in OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1636017092000},"page":"1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Circulating Superoxide Dismutase Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria Carmina","family":"Pau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8699-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arduino Aleksander","family":"Mangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Zinellu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Pintus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-4907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciriaco","family":"Carru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro Giuseppe","family":"Fois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1457-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Pirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Zinellu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/HP.S103091","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea: An experimental and clinical approach","volume":"4","author":"Sforza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypoxia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.5.1674","article-title":"Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"127","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.008","article-title":"Oxidative stress and oxidant signaling in obstructive sleep apnea and associated cardiovascular diseases","volume":"40","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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