{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:20:29Z","timestamp":1778642429018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["K08 HD102023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 HD102023"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["K08 HL124295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 HL124295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and a lack of oxygen can result in bioenergetic failure and cell death. Thus, administration of supplemental concentrations of oxygen to overcome barriers to tissue oxygen delivery (e.g., heart failure, lung disease, ischemia), can rescue dying cells where cellular oxygen content is low. However, the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption relies on tightly controlled oxygen gradients and compartmentalized redox potential. While therapeutic oxygen delivery can be life-saving, it can disrupt growth and development, impair bioenergetic function, and induce inflammation. Newborns, and premature newborns especially, have features that confer particular susceptibility to hyperoxic injury due to oxidative stress. In this review, we will describe the unique features of newborn redox physiology and antioxidant defenses, the history of therapeutic oxygen use in this population and its role in disease, and clinical trends in the use of therapeutic oxygen and mitigation of neonatal oxidative injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1638137956000},"page":"1879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Supplemental Oxygen in the Newborn: Historical Perspective and Current Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell","family":"Mathias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Saugstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Research, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1994.tb01263.x","article-title":"Fetal Pulse Oximetry: A New Method of Monitoring the Fetus","volume":"34","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. 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