{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:42:11Z","timestamp":1787805731328,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin is one of the main targets of the outdoor stressors. Considering that pollution levels are rising progressively, it is not surprising that several cutaneous conditions have been associated with its exposure. Among the pollutants, diesel engine exhaust (DEE) represents one of the most toxic, as it is composed of a mixture of many different noxious chemicals generated during the compression cycle, for ignition rather than an electrical spark as in gasoline engines. The toxic chemicals of most concern in DEE, besides the oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and various hydrocarbons, are metals that can induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical application, singularly or in combination, of the iron-chelator deferoxamine and a commercially available formulation, CE Ferulic, in up to 4-day DEE-exposed skin. DEE induced a significant increase in the oxidative marker 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4HNE) and matrix-metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), the loss of cutaneous-barrier-associated proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) and a decrease in collagen-1, while the formulations prevented the cutaneous damage in an additive manner. In conclusion, this study suggests that iron plays a key role in DEE-induced skin damage and its chelation could be an adjuvant strategy to reinforce antioxidant topical formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1638304167000},"page":"1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Deferoxamine Treatment Improves Antioxidant Cosmeceutical Formulation Protection against Cutaneous Diesel Engine Exhaust Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8843-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Pambianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5207-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pecorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mascia","family":"Benedusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SkinCeuticals, New York, NY 10001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Therrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JP Therrien Consulting, LLC, 17107 Arkansas Ln, Davidson, NC 28036, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8792-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Valacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, October 27). 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