{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:32:27Z","timestamp":1791855147127,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humans usually get dietary carotenoids from foods such as green and yellow vegetables and algae. Carotenoids have been reported to effectively reduce the risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases. \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin, which is an antioxidative carotenoid and a type of provitamin A, is metabolically converted to vitamin A. \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin has recently gained attention for its risk-reducing effects on lifestyle-related diseases, especially on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), from epidemiological, interventional, and mechanistic studies. Retinoids (vitamin A) have also been reported to be useful as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. Provitamin A is known to serve as a supply source of retinoids through metabolic conversion by the regulated activity of \u03b2-carotene 15,15\u2032-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to the retina only when retinoids are deficient. From mechanistic studies using NAFLD-model mice, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin has been shown to contribute to the improvement of NAFLD through a multifaceted approach, including improved insulin resistance, suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, a reduction of macrophages and a shift of their subsets, and control of lipid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family activation, which are also expected to have clinical applications. \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin has the potential to prevent lifestyle-related diseases from different angles, not only as an antioxidant but also as a retinoid precursor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:00:54Z","timestamp":1640566854000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Preventive Effects of \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin, a Potent Antioxidant and Provitamin A Carotenoid, on Lifestyle-Related Diseases\u2014A Central Focus on Its Effects on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Azusa","family":"Nishino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Maoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Morimoto-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-841, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-998-0266-y","article-title":"Rate constants for quenching singlet oxygen and activities for inhibiting lipid peroxidation of carotenoids and \u03b1-tocopherol in liposomes","volume":"33","author":"Fukuzawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(89)90467-0","article-title":"Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher","volume":"274","author":"Kaiser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. 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